Lesson One Flashcards
(20 cards)
A walker, hearing aid, shower chair, and wordboard are all examples of_______
The correct answer is:
assistive devices
Explanation:
An assistive device is anything (including a service animal) that a patient may use to help him or her perform activities of daily living safely and effectively with maximum independence.
One of the most common problems related to micturition is ____.
The correct answer is:
urinary tract infection (UTI)
Explanation:
Micturition is also known as urinary elimination. In addition to UTIs, patients may have problems related to too little urine (anuria, oliguria), too much urine (polyuria), urinary retention, urgency (the strong, sudden and uncontrollable urge to urinate), and dysuria (difficult or painful urination), among others.
Constipation is defined as less than ____ movements per week.
The correct answer is:
three
Explanation:
Most people have a bowel movement daily to once every three to five days. Common reasons for constipation include: medication use (especially opiates), immobility, insufficient fluid intake, and impaired neurological function.
Sterile technique is always used to perform an irrigation of a body orifice, with the exception of ____ irrigation.
The correct answer is:
fecal diversion
Explanation:
Clean techniqueis used for fecal diversion irrigation.
Moldable strips or discs of materials containing hydrocolloids, carboxymenthyl cellulose, gelatine, karaya, pectin, and/or any combination of these used in the care of incontinent patients are known as ____.
The correct answer is:
solid skin barriers
Explanation:
Solid skin barriers are longer lasting, but more expensive, than other products used in incontinence care, such as moisture barrier ointments and pastes and skin sealants. Examples of solid skin barriers are products such as Hollister’s Flextend® and Hollister’s Premium Skin Barrier®.
When caring for immobile patients, which assistive device(s) are essential in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis?
The correct answer is:
compression stockings, anti-embolism hose, or automatic sequential compression devices
Explanation:
Immobile patients need assistive devices such as these in order to promote proper venous return and prevent thrombotic emboli. Each of these requires a practitioner’s order and requires proper placement/patient use to be effective.
____theory states that pain is a combination of sensory, cognitive, affective, and psychological responses to a painful stimulus in which the substantia gelatinosa blocks or facilitates the transmission of pain?
The correct answer is:
the Gate Control Theory
Explanation:
Described by Melzack and Wall, this theory states that pain is transmitted by a number of different nerve fibers along the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and its substantia gelatinosa. The substantia gelatinosa acts as a “gate” that controls these impulses. It can be “opened” by factors such as anxiety and lack of endorphins or “closed” by the lack of anxiety or adequate endorphins along with a patient’s belief that their pain can be managed and controlled. This theory helps clarify why pain is a subjective experience that varies from person to person.
What is the most reliable indicator of a patient’s pain?
The correct answer is:
his or her subjective description
Explanation:
Proper pain management begins with your nursing assessment of a patient’s pain. While objective indicators such as vital signs and behaviors may be helpful, a patient’s subjective description of their pain is the most reliable indicator.
True or false: alternative therapies such as herbal supplementation, acupressure/acupuncture, and aromatherapy are always safe and appropriate for all patients regardless of their underlying medical condition.
The correct answer is:
false
Explanation:
Alternative therapies such as these are a valuable and effective therapeutic tool for many patients, but may not be safe or appropriate for every patient. In fact, some may be contraindicated in pregnant patients or those on a particular medication regimen. A thorough understanding and familiarity with each is necessary prior to implementation in a patient’s treatment plan.
A patient under palliative care is demonstrating deep and rapid breathing followed by periods of apnea. This type of respiratory pattern is called ____.
The correct answer is:
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Explanation:
Cheyne-Stokes respirations are common in the perideath period. While they may be upsetting to the patient’s family and caregivers, they are a normal and expected finding and do not cause the patient any pain or distress.
What is the main difference between an essential and non-essential amino acid?
The correct answer is:
An essential amino acid is one that is not made by the body and must be consumed in food. By contrast, a non-essential amino acid can be produced by the body, so it does not have to be consumed as part of the diet.
Explanation:
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are essential for proper physiologic function. There are nine essential amino acids. Complete proteins, such as poultry, meats, fish, and eggs contain all nine essential amino acids (in addition to others). Incomplete proteins such as vegetables do not have all nine.
____ is the movement of water from an area of higher concentration to an area of a lower one?
The correct answer is:
osmosis
Explanation:
Osmosis and diffusion are principles of physics. However, osmosis is the movement of water from a higher concentrated area across a membrane to a lower one. Diffusion is the movement of molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to a lower one. While they are similar, they describe different processes.
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, a person with a BMI in what range is considered to be overweight?
The correct answer is:
25 to 29.9
Explanation:
A person’s BMI or body mass index is calculated by taking his or her weight in kilograms divided by his or her height in meters squared. A BMI less than 18.5 is considered underweight; 18.5 to 24.9 is normal weight; 25 to 29.9 is overweight; 30 to 39.9 is obese; and 40 or higher is extremely obese.
What are the contraindications for using a naso tube for enteral feedings?
The correct answer is: Naso tubes (nasogastric, nasointestinal, etc.) should not be used in patients with a poor gag reflex or in those with a swallowing disorder.
Explanation:
Naso tubes are contraindicated for these patients as any reflux related to these disorders may lead to aspiration. Surgically placed tubes, such as the jejunostomy, gastrostomy, and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) are preferred for these patients even though they require a more invasive method for placement.
The cyclical 24-hour period of time that is associated with sleep, hormone secretion, bodily temperature, and other physiologic and psychological variations is known as ____.
The correct answer is:
circadian rhythm
Explanation:
The circadian rhythm is the human’s innate, natural, 24-hour clock. It is also sometimes referred to as the body clock. Sleep and rest are an important and large part of our circadian rhythm. Without it, people are at risk for a number of adverse psychological, cognitive, and physiological problems.
A ____ bed bath is when the client participates in most of his bathing and uses nursing assistance for hard-to-reach body parts or if the client has mobility limitations.
The correct answer is:
partial
Explanation:
Nurses may perform partial or complete bed baths. With partial bed baths, the client is more independent in his care and only require assistance if the client cannot adequately clean due to mobility limitations. Complete bed baths require the assistance of the nurse and another healthcare team member to perform full bathing as the client is unable to or has limited ability to participate.
The act of washing and drying a deceased client’s body; removing all external medical equipment; gently placing hands and feet in good alignment; placing an identifying tag and shrouding the patient is known as ____.
The correct answer is:
post-mortem care
Explanation:
Post-mortem care is the care of the deceased patient’s body in preparation for transfer to morgue or outside facility. The nurse is responsible for the bathing, removal of medical equipment, body positioning, identification placement, and shrouding of the patient after the patient’s passing.
____ is the evidence-based use of sound, rhythm, and melody to provide therapeutic intervention for emotional, cognitive, and physical needs of individuals.
The correct answer is:
music therapy
Explanation:
Music therapy is a nonpharmacological alternative therapy to help achieve health goals of patients. Research has shown that music therapy helps to improve communication, reduce stress, facilitate movement, increase engagement, and provide emotional support.
The ____ is a tool commonly used to assess pain in children and non-verbal clients.
The correct answer is:
faces pain scale
Explanation:
The faces pain scale is a visual scale of eight varying smiling to frowning or crying faces that children and non-verbal clients can use to identify their severity of pain.
____ occur when muscle fibers, tendons, and connective tissues harden and shorten causing deformities and rigidity.
The correct answer is:
contractures
Explanation:
Contractures develop as normal elastic tissues (muscles, tendons, and connective tissues) are replaced with fibrous tissue. Fibrous tissues decrease the client’s range of motion and can cause rigidity, deformities, and pain.
