Level 2 level 3 Flashcards
(8 cards)
Q: What is an ecological fallacy in the context of MLM?
A: It occurs when conclusions about individual-level behavior are drawn from group-level data. It’s important to avoid making assumptions about individuals based on aggregated group data.
Q: What is an atomistic fallacy in MLM?
A: It happens when inferences about groups are made from individual-level data. For example, assuming group-level patterns based on individual outcomes can lead to incorrect conclusions.
What is a cross-level inference fallacy?
This fallacy occurs when relationships observed at one level of analysis are assumed to be valid at another level. For example, assuming that the effect of an individual predictor will be the same at the group level.
What is a level-specific predictor fallacy?
It refers to incorrectly using variables that only vary at one level in another level’s equation, which can lead to misinterpretation of results.
Why is centering important in MLM?
Centering helps reduce multicollinearity and clarifies the interpretation of model coefficients. Grand-mean centering is used for overall comparisons, while group-mean centering allows interpretation relative to each group.
What is cross-classified data in MLM?
Cross-classified data occurs when level-1 units are nested in combinations of two or more level-2 units, such as students nested in both neighborhoods and schools simultaneously.
What is an example of a three-level MLM?
A three-level MLM might have students at level 1, classrooms at level 2, and schools at level 3. Predictors can be added at each level to explain variance in the outcome variable.
