negative effects on black americans
- jim crow laws
- KKK
- political inequality
- economic inequality
- race riots
negatives: jim crow laws
- controlled freedom of black americans
- segregated black americans from whites
- facilities for black americans were always worse than those for white americans
examples of jim crow laws
- segregated use of: public transport, schools and hospitals
negatives: the KKK
- a white supremasist group
- large threat to black americans in southern states (especially if involved in civil rights)
- had many high profile members eg. polititians
- white juries often aquitted whites accused of killing black americans
negatives: political inequality
- had to pass literacy tests with impossible questions to be able to register (many failed)
- indimidation from KKK members if trying to vote
- only 5% black americans registered to vote in mississippi
negatives: economic inequality
- schools were segregated and underfunded
- black american children got worse eduction
- was harder for them to find well paying jobs
- companies operated on a ‘last to be hired, first to be fired’ basis
- white teachers earned 15% more than black teachers
positive effects on black americans
- NAACP
- civil rights movement
- MLK
- black power movement
positves: NAACP
- campaigned against segregation laws and lynching
- helped black americans register to vote
- fought for economic equality by fighting to outlaw job discrimination
name 3x civil rights events
- brown vs topeka
- montgomery bus boycott
- little rock, arkansas
positive: brown vs topeka
- 1954
- NAACP took case to supreme court
- linda brown wasnt allowed to attend a nearby white-only school
- supreme court ordered all southern states to open intergrated schools
positive: montgomery bus boycott
1955-56
- rosa parks refused to give up her seat on the bus to a white american
- was arrested
- protesters boycotted bus company
- company lost 65% profit
- segregation on public transport became illegal
positive: little rock, arkansas
1957
- supreme court ordered 9 black students to attend a white school
- governer of arkansas intervened to prevent
- president sent troops to protect the students allowing them to atend the school
- direct intervention from president shows progress
positive: MLK
- civil rights activist
- led montgomery bus boycott
- organised birmingham march to draw attention to racism, was met with violence from authorities
- washington march 1963 ‘i have a dream speech’ - 250000 demonstraters
- put pressure on JFK (then LBJ) to pass civil rights act
positive: civil rights act
passed by LBJ - 1964
outlawed discrimination against black americans on the basis of housing and employment
positive: voting rights act
passed by LBJ - 1965
gave black americans equal voting rights, black american voters increased, so did the number of black representitives voted in. by 1970, 10.9% of all government officials were black
key figures of the black power movement
- malcom X
- stokley carmichael
- the black panthers
positive: malcom X
- rejected MLK’s idea of peacefully campaigning for rights
- was willing to use any means necessary to achieve equality
- was critisicised as a preacher of hate as there were worries his ideas could spark violence
positive: stokley carmichael
- leader of SNCC
- wanted no help from white people
- critical of MLK’s peaceful actions
- joined black panthers in 1968
positive: black panthers
- had 5000 members by 1968
- willing to use any means necessary for equality
- believed they should arm themselves and force whites to give them rights
- constantly clashed with authorities, killed 9 police officers from1967-69
negative: race riots
happened in the northern states due to poor realtions between black americans and police officers
- watts riot: LA - 30,000 attended
- detroit riot - 7000 arrested
