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Flashcards in Life Processes Nutrition Deck (76)
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0
Q

How is food stored?

A

As glycogen (in liver, muscles) and as fats (adipocytes in adipose tissue under the skin)

1
Q

What do cells do with food?

A

Oxidise it, use it for maintenance or store it.

2
Q

What are the characteristics of living things?

A

Movement, nutrition, growth, sensitivity to changes in environment, respiration, excretion, reproduction

3
Q

What are life processes?

A

The basic functions performed by living organisms to maintain their life on earth

4
Q

Define nutrition

A

The process of intake and utilisation of nutrients in and organism

5
Q

Which is more complex, starch or glucose?

A

Starch is more complex

6
Q

Name some types of carbohydrates

A

Glucose, starch

7
Q

List the types of heterotrophic nutrition.

A

Saprophytic, parasitic, holozoic

8
Q

Saprophytic nutrition

A

Decaying organic material

9
Q

What is a parasite?

A

It is an organism which derives its food from the body of another living organism.

10
Q

Examples of saprophytic/ saprotrophic.

A

Fungi ( bread moulds, mushrooms, yeast )

11
Q

Examples of parasites ( plants )

A

Cuscuta, rafflesia

12
Q

Examples of parasites ( animals )

A

Tape worm, round worm, liver fluke

13
Q

Equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy –chlorophyll–> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

14
Q

Formula for glucose

A

C6H12O6

15
Q

Transfer of form of energy during photosynthesis?

A

Light energy to chemical energy

16
Q

3 steps of photosynthesis

A

Absorption of sunlight energy by chlorophyll, conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of H2O by light energy, reduction of CO2 by H2 to obtain carbohydrate by using the chemical energy

17
Q

Name the type of nutrition observed in plants

A

Autotrophic

18
Q

Name a carbohydrate stored in the human body

A

Glycogen

19
Q

State the function of chlorophyll in plants

A

It helps in the fixation of sunlight ( absorbs light e and converts it to chemical e )

23
Q

Name two forms in which plants take nitrogen

A

Nitrites, nitrates

24
Q

List some organisms which break down food outside their body

A

Rhizopus, agaricus, yeast, mucor

25
Q

What form of nutrition can be observed in amoeba

A

Holozoic, phagocytosis

26
Q

How is food pushed in the alimentary canal

A

The walls of the alimentary canal have muscles. Rhythmic contractions and relaxations of these pushes forward food ( peristalsis )

27
Q

How is the lining of the stomach protected from HCl

A

Presence of mucus

28
Q

Why do herbivores have a longer small intestine

A

Herbivores eat plants, therefore their diet mainly consists of cellulose, which takes longer to digest

29
Q

How is the small intestine suitable for absorption?

A

It is long, has thin walls that are highly vascular

30
Q

How long is the small intestine

A

About 6 m

31
Q

Give examples of nutrients

A

Fats, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins

32
Q

How does exchange of gases take place in a single-celled organism?

A

Via diffusion across the cell membrane

33
Q

What is the role of bio-catalysts in humans?

A

Enzymes break down large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules which can be absorbed by the body to produce energy,

34
Q

How is food stored in plants?

A

Starch. Glucose is converted to starch for storage

35
Q

How does a stoma open?

A

The opening and closing of stomata is controlled by guard cells
When water flows into the guard cells, they swell up and become turgid. They become curved and open the stomata. When the guard cells lose water, they become flaccid. This causes them to shrink and close the stomatal pore

36
Q

What happens if you chew bread for a very long time

A

Bread contains starch. When we chew for a long time, the salivary amylase in saliva converts the starch to maltose which tastes sweet.

37
Q

How does amoeba capture it’s food?

A

Through the process of endocytosis

38
Q

State the two functions of stomata

A

Exchange of gases, transpiration

39
Q

An experiment that requires KOH

A

To prove that CO2 is needed for photosynthesis

40
Q

Why is nitrogen essential for plants

A

Synthesis of amino acids and proteins

41
Q

Examples of autotrophs

A

Plants, Cyanobacteria

42
Q

Body/biology currency

A

Adenosine Tri Phosphate

43
Q

Why is glucose changed to starch?

A

Because it changed the chemical composition of the cell

44
Q

Dark reaction

A

Reduction of CO2 into glucose

45
Q

Cross section of leaf

A

Upper epidermis, mesophyll, lower epidermis with stomata

46
Q

Principle behind proving the need for materials for photosynthesis?

A

Removing the condition

47
Q

To prove that sunlight is needed

A

De-starching, cover one leaf, keep plant in sun, pluck leave, denature enzymes (boil leaf), de-colourising (water bath), dipping in water, iodine

48
Q

Dark room procedure

A

Time depending on size of plant, it has to be watered

49
Q

Why do enzymes have to be de-natured?

A

They will quickly convert all the starch to sugar

50
Q

How to denature enzymes?

A

Boil in water

51
Q

Why do we de colourise leaves?

A

So that the blue colour is seen clearly

52
Q

Why is alcohol used in water baths?

A

An organic solvent is needed to kill chlorophyll; alcohol has low ignition temperature

53
Q

Why is the leaf put in water

A

To soften it, as it becomes brittle and impermeable.

54
Q

Colour of iodine

A

Yellowish brown

55
Q

To check for chlorophyll,

A

Us a plant with leaves that are only partly green, variegated leaves

56
Q

Examples of variegated leaves

A

Crotons, money plant

57
Q

To check need for CO2

A

De starch two plants, put them in bell jars, with POH in one

58
Q

POH

A

Potassium Hydroxide

59
Q

Why is POH used?

A

To remove CO2 from one bell jar.

60
Q

What is used to seal the bell jar

A

Vaseline

61
Q

What was used earlier, instead of Vaseline?

A

Wax

62
Q

Flaccid

A

Very little water

63
Q

Turgid

A

Full of water

64
Q

Why don’t plants use ammonia from the soil?

A

It is toxic

65
Q

Parasitic roots

A

Haustoria

66
Q

Phagocytosis

A

In amoeba

67
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Water

68
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Solid food

69
Q

Two parts of human digestive system…

A

Alimentary canal, digestive glands

70
Q

What do digestive glands do?

A

Produce enzymes

71
Q

Features of alimentary canal

A

It is a long, slightly coiled tube of variable diameter which has two distinct openings

72
Q

Outside raw materials used by autotrophs

A

CO2, H2O, solar energy

73
Q

Define metabolism

A

All the chemical reactions that take place in a cell

74
Q

What category of food acts as source of energy in plants?

A

Carbohydrates

75
Q

Is the process of photosynthesis anabolic or catabolic

A

In this reaction, the reactants combine, therefore, it is anabolic

76
Q

What are the products formed during the break down of H2O?

A

H+ ions, O2, and 2 electrons per each H2O molecule

77
Q

Name the two energy rich substances formed during light reactions.

A

ATP and NADPH

78
Q

Autotrophic nutrition involves the process of ….. Or……

A

Photosynthesis, chemosynthesis