Flashcards in Limbic System Deck (55):
1
Where does the septal area project?
hypothalamus and brainstem & cingulate gyrus
2
Where does the cingulate gyrus receive input?
anterior nucleus of thalamus & septal area
3
What is the name for the anterior portion of the parahippocampal gyrus?
entorhinal area
4
The entorhinal area, uncus and amygdala all share what function(s)?
olfactory & limbic functions
5
What nucleus is located immediately beneath the uncus?
amygdaloid nucleus
6
Where do the mammillary bodies receive input?
hippocampal formation
7
Where do mammillary bodies project?
anterior nucleus of the thalamus
8
Fibres comprising the fornix arise from what structure
hippocampal formation
9
What nuclei are included in the septum pellucidum?
septal nuclei
10
What connects septal area to the hypothalamus and brainstem?
medial forebrain bundle
11
What connects mammillary nuclei to the anterior thalamic nucleus?
mammillothalamic tract
12
How many cell layers in the hippocampal gyrus?
3
13
How many cell layers in the dentate gyrus?
3
14
What is the subiculum?
region of cortex at the top margin of the parahippocampal gyrus
immediately below dentate gyrus
15
What is the alveus?
collection of fibres covering surface of hippocampus
axons of neurons whose cell bodies are located in the subiculum and hippocampus
16
Describe the structures of the fornix and where they are derived
Alveus fibres covering surface of hippocampus aggregate as fimbriae of fornix --> crura -->body --> columns
17
Where is the hippocampus located?
floor of inferior horn of lateral ventricle
18
What type of cortex is the hippocampus?
archicortex
19
What are the three layers of the hippocampus?
molecular layer
pyramidal layer
polymorphic layer
20
What type of cortex is the dentate gyrus?
archicortex
21
What are the three layers of the dentate gyrus?
molecular layer
granular layer
multiform layer
22
What comprises the hippocampal formation?
hippocampus
dentate gyrus
parahippocampal gyrus (subiculum)
23
What are two sources of axons leaving the hippocampal formation? (contribute to alveus)
hippocampus
subiculum
(pyramidal cells)
24
What do the dentate granular cell projections contribute to?
local circuit connections within the hippocampal formation
25
What are the two divisions of the amygdala?
ventrolateral (basolateral) division
dorsomedial division
26
What division of the amygdala is associated with the limbic system?
ventrolateral (basolateral) division
27
What is associated with the dorsomedial division of the amygdala?
olfactory system
28
Where does CNI project directly to cortex?
dosomedial division of amygdala
29
Where does the septal region communicate?
cingulate gyrus
hypothalamus
brainstem
30
True or False: The cingulate gyrus is continuous with the parahippocampal gyrus.
True
31
Where are the majority of fibres in the fornix derived from?
cells in the subiculum
32
Where do fibres of the fornix project to?
anterior thalamic nucleus
septal nuclei (precomissural bundle)
mammillary bodies
33
Where do fibres of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala project to?
stria terminalis - projects to hypothalamus and septal nuclei
34
Where does the septal nucleus project?
hypothalamus & autonomic nuclei of stem & cord (medial forebrain bundle)
cingulate gyrus
35
The mammillary bodies are reciprocally connected to to the anterior thalamic nucleus via what tract?
mamillothalamic tract
36
Where does the anterior thalamic nucleus project?
cingulate gyrus
37
Where does the cingulate gyrus project?
association areas of frontal, parietal, temporal and possibly occipital cortex
parahippocampal gyrus (cingulum)
38
What procedure results in Kluver-Bucy syndrome?
bilateral temporal lobectomy
39
What are the S&S of Kluver-Bucy syndrome?
docility
hyperphagic
excessive sexual activity
inability to learn new tasks
impairment of ability to form new memories
visual agnosia
40
What results from stimulation of the amygdala?
expression of fear and rage, arrest reaction (animals)
feelings of anxiety (humans)
41
What is Korsakoff's syndrome?
inability to form new memories
42
How does Korsakoff's syndrome occur? IN what conditions is it seen?
damage or degeneration particularly in mammillary bodies and dorsomedial thalamus
chronic alcoholics
malnutrition
43
Aspects of limbic function related to emotional states are based on what structure?
amygdala
44
Aspects of limbic function related to memory are based on what structure(s)?
hippocampal
dentate
45
What happened to HM when he had medial temporal lobe removed bilaterally?
unable to transfer short term to long term memory
spatial orientation compromised
46
DIAGRAM THE COMPONENTS AND CONNECTIONS OF THE LIMBIC SYSTEM
See notes
47
What is the difference between the source of input for fibres of the subiculum vs hippocampus?
subiculum - hypothalamus, septal nucleus, ATN
hippocampus - septal nucleus
48
Input from other cortical regions project to what layer of the neocortex
outer granular layer
49
input from thalamic relay nuclei project to what layer of the neocortex
inner granular layer
50
output from outer pyramidal layer of neocortex go to
other cortical regions
51
output from inner pyramidal layer of neocortex go to
brain & SC
52
What is the WADA test?
medical test to test for speech dominance
53
What are aphasias?
disruptions in speech
54
What are Betz cells?
large cells found ONLY in the primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus of frontal lobe)
55