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Flashcards in Limbs 3 Deck (44)
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1
Q

describe the features of the radius that allow it to have 2 proximal joints

A
  • radius has articular surface for humerus
  • its head projects into radial fossa
  • head also accomodates for capitulum of humerus
  • head has medial curvature to allow it to fit into distal ulnar notch –> allows pronation/supination of forearm
2
Q

describe the features of the ulna that allow it to have 2 proximal joints

A
  • ulna has an olecranon and coronoid process
  • allows it to articulate with corresponding fossa in humerus
  • trochlear notch to accomodate trochlear on humerus
3
Q

what are the features of the elbow joint that stabilise it?

A
  • radial and ulnar collateral ligament

- annular ligament of radius

4
Q

what does the annular ligament of the radius do?

A

encloses proximal radio-ulnar joint

allows head of radius to rotate up and over ulna

5
Q

what connects 2 bones of forearm?

A

interosseous membrane

proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

6
Q

what are the 8 carpal bones?

A
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrium
pisiform
trapezium
traoezoid
capitate
hamate
7
Q

what is a sesamoid bone?

A

a bone that grows and is embedded with a tendon

8
Q

what are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A

lateral: medial border of brachioradialis
medial: lateral border of pronator teres
line between 2 epicondyles of humerus

9
Q

what are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A

brachial artery
median nerve
biceps tendon

10
Q

in general, where do the muscles of the forearm arise?

A

the epicondyles of humerus, shaft and heads of radius and ulna

11
Q

what are the different compartments of the forearm?

A
  • anterior superficial
  • anterior deep
  • posterior superficial
  • posterior deep
12
Q

what muscles are found in the anterior superficial compartment?

A
  • pronator teres
  • FCR
  • PL
  • FCU
  • FDS
13
Q

what is the function of muscles in the anterior superficial compartment?

A
  • flexion of wrist
  • in conjugation with extensors, adduction and abduction
  • flexion of fingers
14
Q

what is the innervation of these muscles in the anterior superficial compartment?

A

median nerve

apart from FCU which is ulnar nerve

15
Q

what are the muscles in the anterior deep compartment?

A
  • FDP
  • FPL
  • PQ
16
Q

what is the function of the these muscles?

A
  • flexion of digits

- pronation of wrist

17
Q

what innervates the anterior deep compartment?

A

all median nerve

except for ulnar half of FDP

18
Q

what muscles are in the posterior superficial compartment?

A
  • brachioradialis
  • ECRL
  • ECRB
  • extensor digitorium
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • ECU
19
Q

what are the functions of the muscles in this compartment?

A
  • extend wrist
  • adduction and abduction
  • extension of fingers
20
Q

what is this compartment innervated by?

A

radial nerve

21
Q

what muscles are in the posterior deep compartment?

A
  • aconeus
  • supinator
  • EPL
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • extensor policis brevis
  • extensor indices
22
Q

what are the functions of the muscles in this compartment?

A

supination, extension and abduction of thumb and index finger

23
Q

what are the muscles in this compartment innervated by?

A

radial nerve

24
Q

what is a retinaculum?

A

extension of fascia that covers tendons, preventing them from bowing

25
Q

what is an important distinction b/ flexor and extensor retinaculum?

A

flexor retinaculum is a lot thicker because it covers more tendons

26
Q

what makes up the boundaries of the anatomical snuff box?

A

Lateral: tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevus
medially: tendon of extensor pollciis longus

27
Q

what runs in the anatomical snuff box?

A

radial artery

28
Q

what bone articulates with the proximal carpal bones?

A

the radius

articular membrane of distal radio-ulnar joint prevent ulna from articulating with carpal bones

29
Q

what are the principal movements of the elbow joint?

A

flexion and extension

30
Q

what are the principal movements of the wrist joint?

A
  • flexion and extension
  • abduction
  • adduction
  • supination
  • pronation
31
Q

what are the muscles involved in elbow flexion?

A
  • brachialis
  • biceps brachii
  • coracobrachialis
32
Q

what are the muscles involved in elbow extension?

A

triceps brachii

33
Q

what muscles are involved in wrist flexion?

A
  • FCR
  • FCU
  • palmaris longus
34
Q

what muscles are involved in wrist extension?

A
  • ECRL
  • ECRB
  • ECU
35
Q

what muscles are involved in wrist abduction?

A
  • FCR
  • ECRL
  • ECRB
36
Q

what muscles are involved in wrist adduction?

A
  • FCU

- ECU

37
Q

what are the main spinal nerves responsible for shoulder joint movement?

A

C5-7

38
Q

what are the main spinal nerves responsible for elbow flexion?

A

C5 and 6

39
Q

what are the main spinal nerves responsible for elbow extension?

A

C7 and 8

40
Q

what are the main spinal nerves responsible for movements of the wrist muscles?

A

C6-8

41
Q

what are the main spinal nerves responsible for movements of hand muscles?

A

C8-T1

42
Q

explain how the brachial artery becomes the anterior and posterior interosseus branch?

A
  • after passing through cubital fossa, brachial artery bifurcates into radial and ulnar arteries
  • immediately ulnar artery gives off common interosseus branch
  • this splits into the ant and post interosseus branches
43
Q

describe the passage of the ulnar artery

A

runs up medial side of arm

in the wrist it passes through guyon’s canal with ulnar nerve

44
Q

describe the passage of the radial artery

A

passes on lateral part of arm

moving into anatomical snuffbox