Liver anatomy

Question 1

How much does the liver weight?

Answer 1

About 3 lbs

Question 2

What % of the liver is needed for survival? How much of it can regenerate?

Answer 2

25%

Back to it’s original size

Question 3

The liver has _______ and _______ functions

Answer 3

Digestive

Metabolic

Question 4

Describe the capsule of the liver.

Answer 4

Has a capsule- of dense irregular CT

“Bare area” where liver is directly attached to diaphragm, rest covered in visceral peritoneum

Question 5

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

Answer 5

Right, Left, Caudate, Quadrate

Question 6

Where is the liver?

Answer 6

Lies beneath the diaphragm- most of the liver is on the right side

Question 7

What happens if the liver distends past the inferior border of the ribcage?

Answer 7

If it extends below ribcage, is enlarged, and something is wrong

Question 8

On the anterior aspect, which lobes are visible and what separates them?

Answer 8

Right and Left

Falciform ligament

Question 9

On what views is the gallbladder visible?

Answer 9

Both anterior and posterior

Question 10

What lies on the posterior aspect of the liver?

Answer 10

Porta hepatis
Portal triad
Gallbladder
Caudate lobe
Quadrate lobe

Question 11

What is the porta hepatis?

Answer 11

“Gateway to liver”- Area where blood/bile/lymph vessels enter/exit

Question 12

What is the portal triad? What does it carry in what %s?

Answer 12

Vessels carrying different substances run next to each other
1- Hepatic artery (from celiac trunk) 25% of blood ↑ O2
2- Hepatic portal vein- 75% of blood ↓ O2 and nutrients
3- Bile duct- Takes bile to gallbladder to store, or to small intestine

Question 13

The ______ ______ _______ lies in a deep sulcus in the liver.

Answer 13

Inferior vena cava

Question 14

What is a liver cell called? What kind of border does it have

Answer 14

Hepatocyte

Brush border

Question 15

What is a Kupffer cell?

Answer 15

A fixed macrophage inside liver sinusoids

Question 16

What lines the sinusoids of the liver?

Answer 16

Hepatocytes

Question 17

Why don’t the cells of the liver have basement membranes?

Answer 17

The liver makes many substances which move into blood

Question 18

What is the anatomical and physiological unit of the liver?

Answer 18

The lobule

Question 19

Describe a liver lobule. How many are there?

Answer 19

Lobules are irregular, branching, interconnecting plates of cells
About 100,000 liver lobules, are sesame seed sized (2mmx1mm)

Question 20

Blood from the______ _____ _____ and _____ _____ mix as it travels through sinusoids towards central veins.

Answer 20

hepatic portal vein

hepatic artery

Question 21

In the sinusoid hepatocyte area, ___ used by hepatocytes and___________ are stored or used to make new materials

Answer 21

O2

Nutrients

Question 22

What does the liver do with poisons?

Answer 22

detoxified or stored, or secreted with bile

Question 23

What do Kupffer cells do?

Answer 23

phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, worn-out RBCs

New theory- they store iron and lipids

Question 24

Where are products of hepatocytes secreted?

Answer 24

secreted back into sinusoid
eg clotting factors, albumins, txp proteins
** Bile goes into bile ducts

Question 25

What produces bile?

Answer 25

Hepatocytes

Question 26

What is a bile canaliculi?

Answer 26

The smallest bile duct between back to back layers of hepatocytes, within each plate of hepatocytes