Liver - Anatomy Flashcards
(33 cards)
Where is the liver located in terms of abdomen surface markings?
Right hypochondrium and epigastric areas, extending into the left hypochondrium
What are the 2 surfaces of the liver and what are they in contact with?
- Diaphragmatic: In contact with diaphragm.
- Visceral: In contact with oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, right kidney and adrenal gland, colic flexure and gallbladder.
What are the 5 impressions of the liver and which surface are they on?
- On visceral surface.
- Gastric (on left lobe), duodenal (next to gallbladder), renal (centre of right lobe), suprarenal (above renal), colic (below renal.)
What are the 4 lobes of the liver and their functions?
- Falciform ligament: attaches anterior part of liver to abdominal wall, free edge contains ligamentum teres, divides left and right lobes of liver.
- Left and right coronary ligaments: attaches superior surface of liver to diaphragm
- Left and right triangular ligaments: attaches superior surface of liver to diaphragm
- Lesser omentum: Made up of hepatogastric ligament - stomach to liver and hepatoduodenal ligament: stomach to duodenum.
What fibrous membrane is the liver covered in?
Glisson’s capsule
Where are the 4 lobes of the liver?
- Right and left: either side of falciform ligament
- Caudate: between inferior vena cava and fossa caused by ligamentum venosum
- Quadrate: between gallbladder and fossa caused by ligamentum teres
What is the porta hepatis and what does it contain?
- Deep fissure between caudate and quadrate lobes.
- Contains: L+R hepatic ducts. L+R hepatic artery branches. Portal vein.
What is the role of the hepatic artery and what is it derived from? How much blood does it supply?
Supplies the liver with oxygenated blood. Derived from coeliac trunk. 25%
What is the role of the hepatic portal vein and what is it derived from? How much blood does it supply?
Supplies the liver with deoxygenated blood, rich with nutrients etc from small intestines. Derived from superior and inferior mesenteric veins and splenic vein. 75%
What is the venous drainage of the liver?
Through three hepatic veins which drain into the inferior vena cava.
What is the nerve supply of the liver?
Hepatic plexus (sympathetic: coeliac plexus, parasympathetic: vagus)
What is the nerve supply of Glisson’s capsule?
Lower intercostal nerves
What is the surface marking for the fundus of the gallbladder?
Right 9th costal cartilage, mid-clavicular line.
What is Calot’s triangle?
A triangular space created by the cystic duct, common hepatic duct and the visceral surface of the liver.
What is a liver lobule?
Area of liver draining into one central vein.
What is a portal triad?
At the edge of each lobule, made up of:
- Branch of the hepatic artery
- Branch of the portal vein
- Branch of the bile duct
What does the central vein lead to?
Interlobular veins –> hepatic veins –> IVC
What is the role of the bile canaliculus and what does it lead to?
Bile flows away from liver cells and drains into bile duct, then goes to gall bladder.
What is a sinusoid, what is its role and where does it lead to?
Where the branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein join and lead to the central vein.
What is a liver acinus and what do the zones represent?
The area where two liver lobules join. The zones represent the distance from arterial blood supply (from the portal triad).
Name the parts of the pancreas
Unicate process and head
Neck
Body
Tail
Is the pancreas retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?
Both - everything except tail is retroperitoneal
Where is the pancreas in relation to the stomach?
Posterior (behind)
Where is the duodenum in relation to the pancreas?
Anterior and medial (underneath, in the middle.)
