LIVER FUNCTION TEST part 2

Question 1

What is the other name for Jaundice?

Answer 1

Icterus

Question 2

What causes the yellow discoloration of the plasma, skin, sclerae & mucous membranes?

Answer 2

Bilirubin accumulation

Question 3

It may be the first and often the only manifestation of liver disease.

Answer 3

Jaundice

Question 4

Jaundice is clinically apparent when serum total Bilirubin reaches ____________.

Answer 4

2-3 mg/dL

Question 5

What are the other signs of disturbances in Bilirubin metabolism?

Answer 5

Dark urine
Acholic stool

Question 6

a deposition of bilirubin in the brain

Answer 6

Kernicterus

Question 7

occurs when scar tissues are replaces a healthy normal liver tissues

Answer 7

Cirrhosis

Question 8

What is the pressure for Portal Hypertension?

Answer 8

> 20mmHg

Question 9

influx from the abdominal portion of the digestive tract, pancreas & spleen

Answer 9

Portal Vein

Question 10

What is the pressure for Portal vein?

Answer 10

-5-10 mmHg

Question 11

accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity

Answer 11

Ascites

Question 12

In hepatic dysfunction __________ undergo limited or aberrant transformation, accumulate & exert unwanted effects

Answer 12

Drugs

Question 13

drugs undergo limited or aberrant transformation, accumulate & exert unwanted effects

Answer 13

ALTERED DRUG METABOLISM

Question 14

This increased estrogen effect, this happens among men.

Answer 14

Feminization

Question 15

Hormone Imbalance

Answer 15

ENDOCRINE ABNORMALITIES

Question 16

alterations in glucose metabolism due to _________________.

Answer 16

Insulin resistance

Question 17

the liver efficiently sequesters dimeric Ig A & secretes it into the bile.

Answer 17

IMMUNOGLOBULIN ABNORMALITIES

Question 18

defects in uptake —> increase serum IgA

Answer 18

Liver disease

Question 19

alteration in hemostasis and a generalized hemorrhagic tendency

Answer 19

DISORDERED HEMOSTASIS

Question 20

when RBC are destroyed, hemoglobin is released

Answer 20

Hepatic Excretory Function

Question 21

What transported the the hemoglobin in the plasma?

Answer 21

Haptoglobin

Question 22

in cases of severe RBC destruction, ___________in plasma increases which then causes the __________ of the available ________

Answer 22

hemoglobin
utilization
haptoglobin

Question 23

What happens to the level of Haptoglobin during the increase of RBC destruction?

Answer 23

Decreases

Question 24

when hemoglobin can no longer be transported by haptoglobin, the hemoglobin molecules are then broken down into _____________

Answer 24

“heme” and “globin”

Question 25

is the protein portion of the hemoglobin and will be recycled by the liver

Answer 25

Globin

Question 26

is transported by the protein carrier known as hemopexin

Answer 26

Heme

Question 27

when hemopexin is depleted, heme is divided into ________________.

Answer 27

iron and protoporphyrin

Question 27

What happens to hemopexin when heme levels increase?

Answer 27

Decreases

Question 28

What transported iron into the bone marrow and to be used in the synthesis of new RBC?

Answer 28

Transferrin

Question 29

the protoporphyrin is now broken down into ___________ and further broken down into ______________ particularly the _____________form

Answer 29

biliverdin bilirubin unconjugated

Question 30

the unconjugated bilirubin is then transported by _________ towards the site of conjugation which is the liver

Answer 30

albumin

Question 31

in the liver cells, unconjugated bilirubin is converted into conjugated bilirubin through the action of the enzyme ______________, this process occurs in the ________ of the liver cell

Answer 31

Uridyl diphosphate glucuronyl transferase ( UDPGT) smooth ER

Question 32

then conjugated bilirubin goes out of the liver down to the _______ and it is emptied into the ________

Answer 32

bile duct intestine

Question 33

In the intestine, the conjugated bilirubin is converted into the __________

Answer 33

urobilinogen

Question 34

What organ in conjugated bilirubin is converted into urobilinogen?

Answer 34

Intestine

Question 35

is a colorless substance formed in the intestine

Answer 35

Urobilinogen

Question 36

Urobilinogen is converted into?

Answer 36

urobilin

Question 37

is an orange-brown pigment which is responsible for the natural brown color of the stool

Answer 37

Urobilin

Question 38

TRUE OR FALSE: normal urine may contain urobilinogen

Answer 38

true

Question 39

Organic anions of both endogenous & exogenous origin are removed from the _______ and excreted into the ________

Answer 39

sinusoidal blood bile