Local Anesthetic Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is a local anaesthetic
Drug which reversible prevents transmission of nerve impulse in the region where its applied without affecting consciousness
Ideal LA
Réversible blockade on sensory neurons with minimal effect on motor neurons
Rapid onset of action
Enough duration of action
Easily sterilized
Not expensive
Stable
2 types of LA
Ester
Amide
Example of esters LA
Procaine
Benzocaine
Cocaine
Amethocaine
Chlorprocaine
Tetracaine
Example of amides LA
Lidocaine
Prilocaine
Bupivacaine
Levobupivacaine
Ropivacaine
Etidocaine
Mepivacaine
Is lidocaine long or short acting
Short
Is bupivacaine long or short acting
Long
Is lidocaine low, medium or high potency
Médium
Is bupivacaine low medium or high potency
High
Are most LA vasodilator or visaconstrictor
Vasodilators
Effect of LA on system
CNS -> depression
CVS -> depression
Respi -> depression
Onset of action of lidocaine
Rapid
lidocaine available format
1%, 2%, 4% solutions, gels, spray
Usage of lidocaine
Spinal
Epidurals
Nerve block
Infiltration anaesthesia
Dosage lidocaine
2% with lidocaine
4 mg/kg without adrenaline
7 mg/kg. Wiith adrenaline
Complications of bupivacaine.
Cardiotoxic and may cause vtach
Dosage of bupivacaine
0.5% plain or heavy
2mg/kg with or without adrenaline
Usage of bupivacaine
Spinal
Epidurals nerve
Nerve bl;oaks
Infiltration
Proportion of adrenaline added to LA
1:200000
Adverse rxns LA
Intravascular injections
Overdose
Allergy
Réaction to additives
