Lower Appendicular Muscles

Question 1

Answer 1

Muscle:

Psoas Major

Origin:

Vertebra T12-L5

Insertion:

Lesser trochanter of femur

Action:

Flexes and laterally rotates thigh

Notes:

Question 2

Answer 2

Muscle:

Iliacus

Origin:

Iliac fossa

Insertion:

Lesser trochanter of femur

Action:

Flexes and laterally rotates thigh

Notes:

Question 3

Answer 3

Muscle:

Sartorius

Origin:

Anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion:

Tibial tuberosity of tibia

Action:

Flexes and laterally rotates thigh

Notes:

Also flexes leg

Question 4

Answer 4

Muscle:

Pectineus

Origin:

Pectineal line of pubis

Insertion:

Pectineal line of femur

Action:

Adducts and flexes thigh

Notes:

Question 5

Answer 5

Muscle:

Adductor Brevis

Origin:

Inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion:

Linea aspera of femur

Action:

Adducts and flexes thigh

Notes:

Question 6

Answer 6

Muscle:

Adductor Longus

Origin:

Pubis

Insertion:

Linea aspera of femur

Action:

Adducts and flexes thigh

Notes:

Question 7

Answer 7

Muscle:

Adductor Magnus

Origin:

Pubis and ischial tuberosity

Insertion:

Linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur

Action:

Adducts thigh

Notes:

Also flexes, extends and rotates thigh

Question 8

Answer 8

Muscle:

Gracilis

Origin:

Pubis

Insertion:

Tibia (superior/medial)

Action:

Adducts and flexes thigh

Notes:

Also flexes leg

Question 9

Answer 9

Muscle:

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Origin:

Iliac crest & Anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion:

Lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial band

Action:

Abducts and medially rotates thigh

Notes:

Accessory structure; iliotibial band/tract

Question 10

Answer 10

Muscle:

Gluteus Maximus

Origin:

Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx

Insertion:

Iliotibial band; Gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera of femur.

Action:

Extends and laterally rotates thigh

Notes:

Question 11

Answer 11

Muscle:

Gluteus Medius

Origin:

Ilium

Insertion:

Greater trochanter of femur

Action:

Abducts and medially rotates thigh

Notes:

Answer 12

Muscle:

Gluteus Minimus

Origin:

Ilium

Insertion:

Greater trochanter of femur

Action:

Abducts and medially rotates thigh

Notes:

Question 13

Answer 13

Muscle:

Piriformis

Origin:

Sacrum

Insertion:

Greater trochanter of femur

Action:

Laterally rotates thigh

Notes:

Also abducts thigh

Question 14

Answer 14

Muscle:

Gemellus Superior; Obturator Internus; Gemellus Inferior

Origin:

Ischial spine & tuberosity (etc.)

Insertion:

Greater trochanter of femur

Action:

Laterally rotates thigh

Notes:

Question 15

Answer 15

Muscle:

Quadratus Femoris

Origin:

Ischial tuberosity

Insertion:

Intertrochanteric crest of femur

Action:

Adducts and laterally rotates thigh

Notes:

Question 16

Answer 16

Muscle:

Rectus Femoris

Origin:

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion:

Tibial tuberosity of tibia

Action:

Extends leg and flexes thigh

Notes:

Part of Quadriceps femoris (prime mover of leg extension)

Question 17

Answer 17

Muscle:

Vastus Lateralis

Origin:

Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur

Insertion:

Tibial tuberosity of tibia

Action:

Extends leg

Notes:

Part of Quadriceps femoris (prime mover of leg extension)

Question 18

Answer 18

Muscle:

Vastus Medialis

Origin:

Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur

Insertion:

Tibial tuberosity of Tibia

Action:

Extends leg

Notes:

Part of Quadriceps femoris (prime mover of leg extension)

Question 19

Answer 19

Muscle:

Vastus Intermedius

Origin:

Femur (anterolateral shaft)

Insertion:

Tibial tuberosity of Tibia

Action:

Extends leg

Notes:

Part of Quadriceps femoris (prime mover of leg extension)

Question 20

Answer 20

Muscle:

Biceps Femoris; Long and short head.

Origin:

Long head: Ischial tuberosity

Short head: Linea aspera

Insertion:

Head of Fibula

Action:

Flexes leg

Notes:

Lateral member of “Hamstrings” group; Long head extends and laterally rotates thigh.

Question 21

Answer 21

Muscle:

Semitendinosus

Origin:

Ischial tuberosity

Insertion:

Proximal medial Tibia

Action:

Flexes leg and extends thigh

Notes:

One of two medial members of “Hamstrings” group

Question 22

Answer 22

Muscle:

Semimembranosus

Origin:

Ischial tuberosity

Insertion:

Medial condyle of tibia

Action:

Flexes leg and extends thigh

Notes:

One of two medial members of “Hamstrings” group

Question 23

Answer 23

Muscle:

Tibialis Anterior

Origin:

Lateral condyle and shaft of Tibia

Insertion:

Metatarsal I & Medial Cuneiform

Action:

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Notes:

Question 24

Answer 24

Muscle:

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Origin:

Lateral condyle of Tibia, Fibula

Insertion:

Distal phalanges II-V

Action:

Extends toes 2-5 & dorsiflexes foot

Notes:

Question 25

Answer 25

**Muscle:** Extensor Hallucis Longus **Origin:** Anterior fibula **Insertion:** Distal phalanx I **Action:** Extends great toe and dorsiflexes foot **Notes:** Hallux = Great toe

Question 26

Answer 26

**Muscle:** Fibularis Longus **Origin:** Head and superior shaft of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia **Insertion:** Metatarsal I and Medial Cuneiform **Action:** Everts and plantarflexes foot **Notes:**

Question 27

Answer 27

**Muscle:** Fibularis Brevis **Origin:** Fibular shaft **Insertion:** Metatarsal V **Action:** Everts foot **Notes:** Weak plantar flexor

Question 28

Answer 28

**Muscle:** Gastrocnemius **Origin:** Medial and lateral condyles of femur **Insertion:** Calcaneus (via Calcaneal tendon) **Action:** Plantarflexes foot, flexes leg **Notes:** Part of "triceps surae"

Question 29

Answer 29

**Muscle:** Plantaris **Origin:** Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur **Insertion:** Posterior calcaneus **Action:** Weak leg and plantar flexor **Notes:**

Question 30

Answer 30

**Muscle:** Soleus **Origin:** Head and shaft of fibula, tibia **Insertion:** Calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon) **Action:** Plantarflexes foot **Notes:** Part of "triceps surae"

Question 31

Answer 31

**Muscle:** Popliteus **Origin:** Lateral condyle of femur **Insertion:** Proximal tibia **Action:** Flexes leg and medially rotates tibia **Notes:** "Key to the knee"

Question 32

Answer 32

**Muscle:** Tibialis Posterior **Origin:** Fibula and tibia **Insertion:** Navicular, cuboid, all cuneiforms, and metatarsals II-IV **Action:** Plantarflexes and inverts foot. **Notes:**

Question 33

Answer 33

**Muscle:** Flexor Digitorum Longus **Origin:** Posteromedial tibia **Insertion:** Distal phalanges II-V **Action:** Flexes toes 2-5 (MP, PIP and DIP joints), plantarflexes foot **Notes:**

Question 34

Answer 34

**Muscle:** Flexor Hallucis Longus **Origin:** Posterior fibula **Insertion:** Distal phalanx I **Action:** Flexes great toe, plantarflexes foot **Notes:** Hallux = Great toe

Question 35

Answer 35

**Muscle:** Flexor Digitorum Brevis **Action:** Flexes toes 2-5 (MP and PIP joints) **Notes:** Intrinsic foot muscle

Question 36

Answer 36

**Muscle:** Abductor Hallucis **Action:** Abducts great toe **Notes:** Intrinsic foot muscle

Question 37

Answer 37

**Muscle:** Abductor Digiti Minimi **Action:** Abducts toe 5 **Notes:** Intrinsic foot muscle

Question 38

Answer 38

Iliotibial band/tract

Question 39

Answer 39

Flexor retinaculum

Question 40

Answer 40

Extensor retinaculum

Question 41

Answer 41

Plantar aponeurosis