Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

X. MRCS: Anatomy > Lower Leg & Foot > Flashcards

Lower Leg & Foot Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Bones of the foot

A

Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tarsal bones

A

Proximal: Talus, Calcaneus
Intermediate: navicular
Distal: Cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Talus bone

A

Superior: ankle joint (tib/fib)
Inferior: subtalar (calcaneus)
anterior: talonavicular (navicular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Calcaneus

A

“heel bone”
Superior: subtalar (talus)
Anterior: calcaneocuboid (cuboid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Navicular

A

Posterior: talus
Anterior: all 3 cuneiforms
Lateral: cuboid
Tuberosity on plantar surface (tibialis posterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cuboid

A

Posterior: calcaneus
Anterior: 4th & 5th MTT
Inferior surface has groove for fibulas longus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lateral Cuneiform

A

Anterior: 3rd MTT

Attachment for flexor hallux brevis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Middle Cuneiform

A

Anterior: 2nd MTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Medial Cuneiform

A

Anterior: 1st MTT

Attachment for: tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, fibularis longus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Metatarsals

A

Convex dorsally. Consists of head, neck, shaft and base.
Proximal: tarsometatarsal joints
Lateral: intermetatarsal joints
Distal: metatarsophalangeal joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Arches of the foot

A

2 longitudinal arches (medial and lateral)

Anterior transverse arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Medial longitudinal arch

A

Formed by: calcaneus, talus, navicular, first 3 metatarsal bones

Supported by:
Muscle: tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, fibulas longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis, intrinsic foot muscles
Ligaments: plantar ligaments, deltoid ligament (medial ligament of ankle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lateral longitudinal arch

A

Formed by: calcaneus, cuboid, 4th and 5th MTT

Supported by:
Muscular: fibularis longus, flexor digitorum longus, intrinsic foot muscles
Ligaments: plantar ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Transverse arch

A

Formed by: metatarsal bases, cuboid, three cuneiforms

Supported by:
Muscular: fibularis longus, tibialis posterior
Ligaments: plantar ligaments, deep transverse metatarsal ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Borders of the Tarsal Tunnel

A

Floor: medial aspect of tibia, talus, calcaneus
Roof: flexor retinaculum (between medial malleolus and medial tubercle of calcaneus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contents of the Tarsal Tunnel

A 
Tibialis posterior tendon
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Posterior tibial vein
Posterior tibial artery
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus tendon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ankle joint

A

AKA talocrural joint
Formed by tibia, fibular, talus
Hinge joint.
Movements are dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ligaments of the ankle joint

A 
Tibiofibular ligaments
Medial ligament (deltoid ligament)
Anterior talofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Deltoid ligament

A

Medial malleolus to talus/calcaneus/navicular

Function to resist over eversion of ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anterior talofibular ligament

A

ATFL

Lateral malleolus to lateral aspect of talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Posterior talofibular ligament

A

PTFL

From lateral malleolus to posterior aspect of talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Calcaneofibular

A

CFL

Lateral malleolus and calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pott’s fracture

A

Bimalleolar/trimalleolar fractures of ankle

  1. Forced eversion pulls on medial ligaments producing avulsion fracture of medial malleolus
  2. Talus moves laterally breaking off lateral malleolus
  3. Tibia is forced anterior shearing off distal/posterior part against talus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Dorsal Muscles of the foot

Study These Flashcards
A

Extensor digitorum brevis

Extensor hallucis brevis

25
Plantar muscles of the foot
First layer: Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi Second layer: Quadratus plantae Lumbricals 3rd layer: Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis 4th layer: Plantar interossei Dorsal interossei
26
Extensor digitorum brevis
Origin: calcaneus, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament and inf. extensor retinaculum Insertion: proximal phalanx of great toe and log extensor tendons of toes 2-4 Innervation: deep fibular nerve Function: aids extensor digitorum longus at MTPJs and IPJs
27
Extensor hallucis brevis
Origin: calcaneus, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament and inf. extensor retinaculum Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of great toe Innervation: deep fibular n. Function: aids extensor hallucis longus in extending great toe at MTPJ
28
Abductor hallucis
Origin: medial tubercle of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum and plantar aponeurosis Insertion: medial base of proximal phalanx of great toe Innervation: medial plantar nerve Function: abducts and flex great toe
29
Flexor digitorum brevis
Origin: medial tubercle of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis Insertion: middle phalanges of lat. 4 digits Innervation: medial plantar n. Function: flexes lat. 4 digits at PIPJs
30
Abductor digiti minimi
Origin: medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis Insertion: lateral base of proximal phalanx of 5th Innervation: lateral plantar n. Function: abductd and flexes 5th digit
31
Quadratus plantae
Origin: medial and lateral plantar surface of calcaneus Insertion: tendons of flexor digitorum longus Innervation: lateral plantar n. Function: assists FDL in flexing lateral 4 digits
32
Lumbricals
Origin: tendons of flexor digitorum longus Insertion: extensor hoods of lateral 4 digits Innervation: most medial: medial plantar n. lateral 3: lateral plantar n. Function: flexes a MTPJs and extends IPJs
33
Flexor hallucis brevis
Origin: plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms, tendon of post. tibialis Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of great toe Innervation: medial plantar n. Function: flexes proximal phalanx at MTPJ
34
Adductor Hallucis
Origin: oblique head: bases of 2nd/3rd/4th MTT. Transerve head: plantar ligaments of MTPJs. Insertion: lateral base of proximal phalanx of great toe Innervation: deep branch of lateral plantar n. Function: adduct great toe
35
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Origin: base of 5th MTT Insertion: proximal phalanx of 5th digit Innervation: superficial branch of lateral plantar n. Function: flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
36
Plantar interossei
Origin: medial side of 3rd/4th/5th MTT Insertion: medal side of phalanges 3-5 Innervation: lateral plantar nerve Function: adduct digits 3-5, flex MTPJs
37
Dorsal interossei
Origin: side of 1-5 MTT Insertion: 1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of second digit. 2-4th: lateral side of proximal phalanx 2-4 Innervation: lateral plantar n. Function: abducts digits 2-4 and flex MTPJs
38
Compartments of the lower leg
Anterior Lateral Deep posterior Superficial posterior
39
Muscles of the anterior compartment of leg
Tibialis Anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Fibularis (peroneal) Tertius
40
Muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg
Fibularis (peroneal) longus | Fibularis (peroneal) brevis
41
Muscles in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg
Gastrocnemius Plantaris Soleus
42
Muscles in the deep posterior compartment of the leg
Popliteus Tibialis posterior Flexor Digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus
43
Tibialis Anterior
Origin: lateral surface of tibia Insertion: medial cuneiform and base of 1st MTT Innervation: deep fibular nerve Function: dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
44
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Origin: lateral condyle of tibia and medial surface of fibular Insertion: splits into 4 insertions onto each toe Innervation: deep fibular n. Function: extension of lateral 4 toes, dorsiflexion of foot
45
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Origin: medial surface of fibular shaft Insertion: base of distal phalanx of great toe Innervation: deep fibular n. Function: extension of great toe, dorsiflexion of foot
46
Fibularis (peroneal) tertius
Origin: extensor digitorum longus and medial surface of fibula Insertion: 5th MTT Innervation: deep fibular n. Function: eversion and dorsiflexion of foot
47
Fibularis (peroneal) longus
Origin: superior and lateral surface of fibula. descends posterior to lateral malleolus and travels under the foot. Insertion: plantar aspect of medial cuneiform and base of 1st MTT Innervation: superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve Function: eversion and plantar flexion of foot
48
Fibularis (peroneal) brevis
Origin: inferolateral surface of fibular shaft Insertion: tubercle on 5th MTT Innervation: superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve Function: eversion of foot
49
Gastrocnemius
Origin: lateral head: lateral femoral condyle. Medial head: medial femoral condyle. Insertion: calcaneal tendon Innervation: tibial n. Function: plantar flexes at the ankle joint, moderate flexion of knee
50
Plantaris
``` Absent in 10% Origin: lateral supracondylar line of femur Insertion: calcaneal tendon Innervation: tibial n. Function: plantar flexes ankle joint ```
51
Soleus
Origin: soleal line of tibia and proximal fibula Insertion: calcaneal tendon Innervation: tibial n. Function: plantar flexes foot at ankle
52
Popliteus
Origin: lateral condyle of femur and post form of lateral meniscus Insertion: above origin of soleus Innervation: tibial n. Function: laterally rotates femur, 'unlocking' knee to allow flexion
53
Tibialis posterior
Origin: interosseous membrane and posterior surface of tibia and fibula Insertion: plantar surface of medial tarsal bones Innervation: tibial n. Function: inverts and plantar flexes foot
54
Flexor digitorum longus
Origin: medial surface of tibia Insertion: plantar surface of lateral 4 digits Innervation: tibial n. Function: flexes lateral 4 toes
55
Flexor Hallucis longus
Origin: posterior surface of fibula Insertion: plantar surface of great toe Innervation: tibial n. Function: flexes great toe
56
Tibial nerve, roots and origins
L4-S3 Branch of the sciatic nerve Arising at the apex of popliteal fossa
57
Tibial nerve innervations
Motor: Superficial posterior: plantaris, soleus, gastrocnemius Deep posterior: popliteal, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior Intrinsic muscles: all except extensor digitorum brevis ``` Sensory: Combines with common fibular to create Sural nerve Sole of foot with 3 branches: Medial calcaneal branches (S1/2) Medial plantar nerve (L4/5) Lateral plantar nerve (S1/2) ```
58
Common fibular nerve, roots and origins
L4 - S2 Branch of sciatic Arising from apex of popliteal fossa
59
Common fibular nerve innervations
Motor: Short head of biceps femoris Superficial fibular n.: lateral compartment Deep fibular n.: anterior compartment ``` Sensory: Sural (with branches from tibial): Lateral sural cutaneous nerve superficial fibular nerve Deep fibular nerve ```

X. MRCS: Anatomy (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions