Lower Limb Muscles Flashcards Preview

Unit 4 Muscles > Lower Limb Muscles > Flashcards

Flashcards in Lower Limb Muscles Deck (188)
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0
Q

What is the insertion of pectineus?

A

Pectineal line of femur

1
Q

What is the origin of pectineus?

A

Superior ramus of pubis

2
Q

What innervates pectineus?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3); obturator nerve (sometimes)

3
Q

What is the action of pectineus?

A

Adducts and flexes hip joint; assists with medial rotation of hip joint

4
Q

What is the origin of sartorius?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine & superior part of notch inferior to it

5
Q

What is the insertion of sartorius?

A

Superior part of medial surface of tibia

6
Q

What innervates sartorius?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3)

7
Q

What is the action of sartorius?

A

Flexes, abducts, & laterally rotates hip joint; flexes knee joint

8
Q

What is the origin of psoas major?

A

Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae & IV discs; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae

9
Q

What is the insertion of psoas major?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

10
Q

What innervates psoas major?

A

Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3)

11
Q

What is the action of psoas major?

A

Flexes hip; postural muscle & active during standing

12
Q

What is the origin of iliacus?

A

Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, & anterior sacro-iliac ligaments

13
Q

What is the insertion of iliacus?

A

Tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, & femur distal to it

14
Q

What innervates iliacus?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3)

15
Q

What is the action of iliacus?

A

Flexes & stabilizes hip joint

16
Q

What is the origin of rectus femoris?

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum

17
Q

What is the insertion of rectus femoris?

A

Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon); Indirectly via patella ligament to tibial tuberosity

18
Q

What is the innervation of rectus femoris?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

19
Q

What is the action of rectus femoris?

A

Extends knee joint; Stabilizes hip joint & helps iliopsoas flex hip joint

20
Q

What is the origin of vastus lateralis?

A

Greater trochanter & lateral lip of linea aspera

21
Q

What is the insertion of vastus lateralis?

A

Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon); Indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial & lateral patellar retinacula)

22
Q

What innervates vastus lateralis?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

23
Q

What is the action of vastus lateralis?

A

Extends knee joint

24
Q

What is the origin of vastus medialis?

A

Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera

25
Q

What is the insertion of vastus medialis?

A

Via common tendinous; Indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial & lateral patellar retinacula)

26
Q

What innervates vastus medialis?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

27
Q

What is the action of vastus medialis?

A

Extends knee joint

28
Q

What is the origin of vastus intermedius?

A

Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur

29
Q

What is the insertion of vastus intermedius?

A

Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon); Indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

30
Q

What innervates vastus intermedius?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

31
Q

What is the action of vastus intermedius?

A

Extends knee joint

32
Q

What is the origin of adductor longus?

A

Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest

33
Q

What is the insertion of adductor longus?

A

Middle third of linea aspera of femur

34
Q

What innervates adductor longus?

A

Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

35
Q

What is the action of adductor longus?

A

Adducts hip joint

36
Q

What is the origin of adductor brevis?

A

Body and inferior ramus of pubis

37
Q

What is the insertion of adductor brevis?

A

Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur

38
Q

What innervates adductor brevis?

A

Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

39
Q

What is the action of adductor brevis?

A

Adducts hip joint; flexes hip joint (sometimes)

40
Q

What is the origin of adductor magnus?

A

Adductor: inferior ramus of pubis & ramus of ischium
Hamstring: ischial tuberosity

41
Q

What is the insertion of adductor magnus?

A

Adductor: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Hamstring: adductor tubercle of femur

42
Q

What innervates adductor magnus?

A

Adductor: obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Hamstring: tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)

43
Q

What is the action of adductor magnus?

A

Adducts hip joint
Adductor: flexes hip joint
Hamstring: extends hip joint

44
Q

What is the origin of gracilis?

A

Body and inferior ramus of pubis

45
Q

What is the insertion of gracilis?

A

Superior part of medial surface of tibia

46
Q

What innervates gracilis?

A

Obturator nerve (L2, L3)

47
Q

What is the action of gracilis?

A

Adducts hip joint; flexes knee joint & helps medially rotate

48
Q

What is the origin of obturator externus?

A

Margins of obturator foramen & obturator membrane

49
Q

What is the insertion of obturator externus?

A

Trochanteric fossa of femur

50
Q

What innervates obturator externus?

A

Obturator nerve (L3, L4)

51
Q

What is the action of obturator externus?

A

Laterally rotates hip joint; pulls head of femur into acetabulum holding pelvis steady

52
Q

What is the origin of gluteus maximus?

A

Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum & coccyx; and sacrotuberous ligament

53
Q

What is the insertion of gluteus maximus?

A

Fibers end in iliotibial tract (inserts into lateral condyle of tibia); gluteal tuberosity of femur

54
Q

What innervates gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

55
Q

What is the action of gluteus maximus?

A

Extends hip joint; assists in lateral rotation

56
Q

What is the origin of gluteus medius?

A

External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

57
Q

What is the insertion of gluteus medius?

A

Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

58
Q

What innervates gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

59
Q

What is the action of gluteus medius?

A

Abduct and anterior portions medially rotate hip joint; keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated

60
Q

What is the origin of gluteus minimus?

A

External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

61
Q

What is the insertion of gluteus minimus?

A

Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

62
Q

What innervates gluteus minimus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

63
Q

What is the action of gluteus minimus?

A

Abduct & anterior portions medially rotate hip joint; keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated

64
Q

What is the origin of tensor fascia latae?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine & anterior part of iliac crest

65
Q

What is the insertion of tensor fascia latae?

A

Iliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia (Gerdy tubercle)

66
Q

What innervates tensor fasciae latae?

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

67
Q

What is the action of tensor fasciae latae?

A

Flexes hip joint; acts with gluteus maximus to stabilize extended knee joint

68
Q

What is the origin of piriformis?

A

Anterior surface of sacrum; superior margin of greater sciatic notch & sacrotuberous ligament

69
Q

What is the insertion of piriformis?

A

Superior border of greater trochanter

70
Q

What innervates piriformis?

A

Branches of anterior rami of S1, S2

71
Q

What is the action of piriformis?

A

Laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)

72
Q

What is the origin of obturator internus?

A

Pelvic surface of ilium and ischium; obturator membrane

73
Q

What is the insertion of obturator internus?

A

Medial surface of surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur

74
Q

What innervates obturator internus?

A

Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

75
Q

What is the action of obturator internus?

A

Laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)

76
Q

What is the origin of gemelli?

A

Superior: ischial spine
Inferior: ischial tuberosity

77
Q

What is the insertion of gemelli?

A

Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur

78
Q

What innervates gemelli?

A

Superior: Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
Inferior: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

79
Q

What is the action of gemelli?

A

Laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)

80
Q

What is the origin of quadratus femoris?

A

Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

81
Q

What is the insertion of quadratus femoris?

A

Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it

82
Q

What innervates quadratus femoris?

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

83
Q

What is the action of quadratus femoris?

A

Laterally rotates hip joint; also pulls femoral head into acetabulum to stabilize hip joint/pelvis

84
Q

What is the origin of semitendinosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

85
Q

What is the insertion of semitendinosus?

A

medial surface of superior part of tibia

86
Q

What innervates semitendinosus?

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

87
Q

What is the action of semitendinosus ?

A

Extend hip joint; flex knee joint & medially rotate leg when knee is flexed; when hip & knee are flexed, can extend trunk

88
Q

What is the origin of semimembranosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

89
Q

What is the insertion of semimembranosus?

A

Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)

90
Q

What innervates semimembranosus?

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

91
Q

What is the action of semimembranosus?

A

Extend hip joint; flex knee joint & medially rotate leg when knee is flexed; when hip & knee are flexed, can extend trunk

92
Q

What is the origin of biceps femoris?

A

Long head: ischial tuberosity

Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur

93
Q

What is the insertion of biceps femoris?

A

Lateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of knee

94
Q

What innervates biceps femoris?

A

Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

95
Q

What is the action of biceps femoris?

A

Flexes knee joint & rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends hip joint (when starting to walk)

96
Q

What is the origin of tibialis anterior?

A

Lateral condyle of tibia; superior 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia; interosseous membrane

97
Q

What is the insertion of tibialis anterior?

A

Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform; base of 1st metatarsal

98
Q

What innervates tibialis anterior?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

99
Q

What is the action of tibialis anterior?

A

Dorsiflexes ankle; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

100
Q

What is the origin of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Middle part of anterior surface of fibula; interosseous membrane

101
Q

What is the insertion of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

102
Q

What innervates extensor hallucis longus?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

103
Q

What is the action of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Extends great toe; dorsiflexes ankle

104
Q

What is the origin of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Lateral condyle of tibia; superior 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula; interosseous membrane

105
Q

What is the insertion of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

106
Q

What innervates extensor digitorum longus?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

107
Q

What is the action of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Extends lateral four digits; dorsiflexes ankle

108
Q

What is the origin of fibularis tertius?

A

Inferior third of anterior surface of fibula; interosseous membrane

109
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis tertius?

A

Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

110
Q

What innervates fibularis tertius?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

111
Q

What is the action of fibularis tertius?

A

Dorsiflexes ankle; aids in eversion of foot

112
Q

What is the origin of fibularis longus?

A

Head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

113
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis longus?

A

Base of 1st metatarsal; medial cuneiform

114
Q

What innervates fibularis longus?

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

115
Q

What is the action of fibularis longus?

A

Evert foot; Weakly plantarflex ankle; Supports transverse arch of foot

116
Q

What is the origin of fibularis brevis?

A

Middle part of lateral surface of fibula

117
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis brevis?

A

Dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal

118
Q

What innervates fibularis brevis?

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

119
Q

What is the action of fibularis brevis?

A

Evert foot; Weakly plantarflex ankle

120
Q

What is the origin of gastrocnemius?

A

Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur

Medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle

121
Q

What is the insertion gastrocnemius?

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

122
Q

What innervates gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

123
Q

What is the action of gastrocnemius?

A

Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; and flexes knee joint

124
Q

What is the origin of soleus?

A

Posterior aspect of head of fibula, superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line, and medial border of tibia

125
Q

What is the insertion of soleus?

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

126
Q

What innervates soleus?

A

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

127
Q

What is the action of soleus?

A

Plantarflexes ankle; steadies leg on foot

128
Q

What is the origin of plantaris?

A

Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament

129
Q

What is the insertion of plantaris?

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

130
Q

What innervates plantaris?

A

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

131
Q

What is the action of plantaris?

A

Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle; function is probably mainly proprioceptive

132
Q

What is the origin of popliteus?

A

Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus (intra-articular; within cavity of knee joint)

133
Q

What is the insertion of popliteus?

A

Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

134
Q

What innervates popliteus?

A

Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)

135
Q

What is the action of popliteus?

A

Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia, may also medially rotate tibia of unplanted limb

136
Q

What is the origin of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane

137
Q

What is the insertion of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)

138
Q

What innervates flexor hallucis longus?

A

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

139
Q

What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Flexes great toe at all joint; weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

140
Q

What is the origin of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and by a broad tendon of fibula

141
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits

142
Q

What innervates flexor digitorum longus?

A

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

143
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Flexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of foot

144
Q

What is the origin of tibialis posterior?

A

Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, and posterior surface of fibula

145
Q

What is the insertion of tibialis posterior?

A

Primarily to tuberosity of navicular; also to cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals

146
Q

What innervates tibialis posterior?

A

Tibial nerve (L4, L5)

147
Q

What is the action of tibialis posterior?

A

Plantarflexes ankle; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

148
Q

What is the origin of abductor hallucis?

A

Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis

149
Q

What is the insertion of abductor hallucis?

A

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

150
Q

What innervates abductor hallucis?

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

151
Q

What is the action of abductor hallucis?

A

Abducts and flexes 1st digit (great toe)

152
Q

What is the origin of flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa

153
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits

154
Q

What innervates flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

155
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Flexes lateral four digits

156
Q

What is the origin of abductor digit minimi?

A

Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa

157
Q

What is the insertion of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

158
Q

What innervates abductor digiti minimi?

A

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

159
Q

What is the action of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Abducts and flexes 5th digit

160
Q

What is the origin of quadratus plantae?

A

Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus

161
Q

What is the insertion of quadratus plantae?

A

Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

162
Q

What innervates quadratus plantae?

A

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

163
Q

What is the action of quadratus plantae?

A

Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits

164
Q

What is the origin of lumbricals?

A

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

165
Q

What is the insertion of lumbricals?

A

Medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits

166
Q

What innervates lumbricals?

A

Medial one: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

167
Q

What is the action of the lumbricals?

A

Flex proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

168
Q

What is the origin of flexor hallucis brevis?

A

Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform

169
Q

What is the insertion of flexor hallucis brevis?

A

Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

170
Q

What innervates flexor hallucis brevis?

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

171
Q

What is the action of flexor hallucis brevis?

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

172
Q

What is the origin of adductor hallucis?

A

Oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4

Transverse head: plantar ligaments of 3rd-5th metatarsophalangeal joints

173
Q

What is the insertion of adductor hallucis?

A

Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

174
Q

What innervates adductor hallucis?

A

Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

175
Q

What is the action of adductor hallucis?

A

Adducts 1st digit; assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot

176
Q

What is the origin of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

177
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

178
Q

What innervates of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

179
Q

What is the action of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, thereby assisting with its flexion

180
Q

What is the origin of plantar interossei (three muscles)?

A

Bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5

181
Q

What is the insertion of plantar interossei (three muscles)?

A

Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd-5th digits

182
Q

What innervates plantar interossei (three muscles)?

A

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

183
Q

What is the action of plantar interossei (three muscles)?

A

Adduct digits (3-5) and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

184
Q

What is the origin of dorsal interossei (four muscles)?

A

Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5

185
Q

What is the insertion of dorsal interossei (four muscles)?

A

First: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit

Second-fourth: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits

186
Q

What innervates dorsal interossei (four muscles)?

A

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

187
Q

What is the action of dorsal interossei (four muscles)?

A

Abduct digits (2-4) and flex metatarsophalangeal joints