Lungs, Airways and Blood Supply Flashcards
Give 4 functions of the respiratory system
- gas exchange
- acid base balance
- infection protection
- communication
Explain the difference between cellular respiration and external respiration
- cellular involves creation of energy
- external involves the movement of gases between the lungs, blood and cells
What 2 systems must integrate in order for external respiration to take place
- Cardiovascular
- Respiratory
How does systemic circulation work
- brings oxygen from the heart to the body
- brings carbon dioxide from the body to the heart
How does pulmonary circulation work
- oxygen from lungs to heart
- carbon dioxide from heart to lungs
In what 2 areas does gas exchange occur
- lungs
- systemic capillaries
Name 3/4 parts of the upper respiratory system
- nose
- pharynx
- epiglottis
(- larynx)
Name 4/5 parts of the lower respiratory system
- trachea
- lung
- bronchus
(- larynx)
What is the significance of the vertical trajectory between the trachea and the right main bronchus?
Aspirated foreign bodies commonly accumulate there
What is patency
a measure of how open/unobstructed an airway is
How is patency maintained in the lower bronchioles and alveoli
by physical forces in the thorax
Where in the respiratory tract is resistance to air flow highest and why
- in the upper conducting zone
- few in number besides large diameter
What makes expiration a generally passive process
energy invested in alveolar elastic fibres during inspiration is released during expiration
What type of epithelium cover the lining of the respiratory tract?
- pseudostratified
- ciliated
- columnar
What changes occur in the lining from the nose to the alveoli?
- more squamous
- loss of mucous cells
- loss of cilia
