M1L1 - Introduction to Thermodynamics and Review of Units/Dimensions

Question 1

Developed steam engines

Answer 1

Thomas Savery and Thomas Newcomen

Question 2

Introduced thermodynamics concept

Answer 2

William Thompson (1st Baron Kelvin) and William John Macquorn Rankine

Question 3

deals with the science of energy transformations, including heat and work, and the physical properties of substances that are involved in those

Answer 3

Thermodynamics

Question 4

is one component of thermodynamics that deals with
the processes that transpire in every component of the system that include heat
engines, refrigeration, air conditioning, and combustion

Answer 4

Engineering thermodynamics

Question 5

is a macroscopic approach to the study of
thermodynamics that does require a knowledge of the behavior of individual
particles of a substance

Answer 5

Classical thermodynamics

Question 6

is a microscopic approach and more elaborative that is
based on the average behavior of large groups of individual particles of a
substance

Answer 6

Statistical Thermodynamics

Question 7

Any
physical quantity can be characterized by

Answer 7

dimensions

Question 8

The magnitude assigned
to the dimensions are called

Answer 8

units

Question 9

Simple and logical system based on a
decimal relationship between various units

Answer 9

Metric SI or the International System

Question 10

No apparent
systematic numerical base, and various units are arbitrarily related

Answer 10

English System or United States Customary System (USCS)

Question 11

every
term in an equation must have the same unit

Answer 11

dimensionally homogenous

Question 12

are identically equal to 1 and are unitless, and thus such
ratios (or their inverse) can be inserted conveniently into any calculation to
properly convert units

Answer 12

unity conversion ratios

Question 13

defined as a quantity of matter or a region in
space chosen for study.

Answer 13

system

Question 14

consists of a fixed
amount of mass, and no mass can cross its boundary,
but energy, in the form of heat or work, can cross the
boundary

Answer 14

closed system (control mass)

Question 15

a special
case closed system in which
even energy is not allowed to
cross the boundary

Answer 15

isolated system

Question 16

a properly
selected region in space where both mass and
energy can cross the boundary

Answer 16

open system (control volume)

Question 17

The
boundaries of a control
volume are called

Answer 17

control surface

Question 18

Any
characteristics of a system is called

Answer 18

property

Question 19

are those independent of the
mass of the system

Answer 19

intensive properties

Question 20

are those whose values depend
on the size, or extent, of the system

Answer 20

extensive properties

Question 21

Extensive
properties per unit mass are called

Answer 21

specific properties

Question 22

Matter
can be conveniently viewed as a continuous,
homogeneous matter with no holes, that is a

Answer 22

continuous

Question 23

is defined as mass per unit volume

Answer 23

density

Question 24

The reciprocal of density, which is also defined as volume per unit mass

Answer 24

specific volume

Question 25

defined as the ratio of density of a substance to the density of some standard substance at a specified temperature, which is usually water at 44°C

Answer 25

specific gravity

Question 26

The weight of a unit volume of a substance is called specific

Answer 26

specific weight

Question 27

indicates the thermal state of the system and its ability to exchange energy with a substance to which it is in contact

Answer 27

temperature

Question 28

Two bodies are said to have reached BLANK if both have the same or equal temperature

Answer 28

thermal equilibrium

Question 29

states that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other This

Answer 29

zeroth law of thermodynamics

Question 30

SI temperature scale in which freezing and boiling points were originally assigned as 0 and 100°C, respectively.

Answer 30

celsius scale

Question 31

English temperature scale in which freezing and boiling points are 32 and 212°F, respectively.

Answer 31

fahrenheit scale

Question 32

a temperature scale that is independent of the properties of any substances which is developed later in conjunction with the second law of thermodynamics.

Answer 32

thermodynamic temperature scale

Question 33

defined as a normal force exerted by a system per unit area.

Answer 33

pressure

Question 34

The actual pressure at a given position is called BLANK and it is measured relative to the absolute vacuum.

Answer 34

absolute pressure

Question 35

the force exerted by the atmosphere per unit area.

Answer 35

atmospheric pressure

Question 36

The difference between the atmospheric and absolute pressures is called

Answer 36

gage pressure

Question 37

when the absolute pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure, the negative gage pressure is termed as vacuum

Answer 37

vacuum pressure

Question 38

The BLANK of the system is its condition described by set of property values

Answer 38

state

Question 39

In an BLANK, there are no unbalanced potentials (or driving forces) within the system, and it does not experience changes when it is isolated from its surroundings

Answer 39

equilibrium state

Question 40

Temperature is the same throughout the entire system.

Answer 40

thermal equilibrium

Question 41

No change in pressure at any point of the system with time.

Answer 41

mechanical equilibrium

Question 42

When a system involves two phases, and the mass of each phase reaches equilibrium level and stays there

Answer 42

phase equilibrium

Question 43

Chemical composition does not change with time or no chemical reactions occur.

Answer 43

chemical equilibrium

Question 44

The number of properties required to fix the state of a system is given by the state postulate

Answer 44

“The state of a simple compressible system is completely specified by two independent, intensive properties.”

Question 45

A system is called a BLANK in the absence of electrical, magnetic, gravitational, motion, and surface tension effects.

Answer 45

simple compressible system

Question 46

Two properties are BLANK if one property can be varied while the other one is held constant.

Answer 46

independent

Question 47

Any change that a system undergoes from one equilibrium state to another is called a

Answer 47

process

Question 48

The series of states through which a system passes during a process is called the BLANK of the process

Answer 48

path

Question 49

When a process proceeds in such a manner that the system remains infinitesimally close to an equilibrium state at all times, it is called a

Answer 49

quasi - static or quasi - equilibrium process

Question 50

process is a process during which the temperature remains constant.

Answer 50

isothermal

Question 51

process is a process during which pressure remains constant.

Answer 51

isobaric

Question 52

process is a process during which the specific volume remains constant.

Answer 52

isochoric (isometric)

Question 53

A system is said to have undergone a BLANK if it returns to its initial state at the end of the process

Answer 53

cycle

Question 54

defined as a process during which a fluid flows through a control volume steadily, or properties does not change with time.

Answer 54

steady - flow process