M2 3-4 Membranas

Question 1

how is the lamella mediana formed?

Answer 1

it is the first layer formed when the cell undergoes cytokinesis(when the cell divides into two daughter cells)

Question 2

o canal de Reticulo endoplasmico no plasmodesmata e chamada

Answer 2

Desmotubule

Question 3

os caracteristicos de GAGs
(Part of the connective tissue in the skin)

Answer 3

-rigida
-hidrofilica
-retem muita agua

Question 4

composicao de acido hialuronico

Answer 4

acido glucuronico
N-acetil-glucosamina
Nao tem componente proteica

Question 5

how does hyaluronic acid retain a lot of water?

Answer 5

it does this because of its high density of negative charges, which attracts possitive charges like Na+

Question 6

what is the order of the types of junction between two cells

Answer 6

TADG- Tadpole gut
T-tight junctions
A- adherens junction
D- desmosome
G- gap junction

Question 7

what are the types of junction between the cell and the basal lamina

Answer 7

-actin-linked
-hemidesmosome

Question 8

what is the channel forming junction in the cells called?

Answer 8

Gap junctions

Question 9

what are the non-classical cadherin proteins?

Answer 9

Desmoglein & Desmocollin

Question 10

In Desmosome, what is the attachment order?

Answer 10

IN DA CARD
Intermediate filaments(in cell A)–desmoplakin–Adaptor proteins–Nonclassical cadherin proteins

Question 11

what are the adaptor proteins called?

Answer 11

plakgo, plakfill
Plakglobin& plakophilin

Question 12

what is the order of junction in the hemidesmossomes

Answer 12

Intermediate filament–intracellular adaptor protein-integrinas-extracellular adaptor protein-collagen

Question 13

what makes up the tight junctions?

Answer 13

Sealing strands made up of oculin and claudin

Question 14

role of tight junctions

Answer 14

act as diffusion barrier
isolate the cell to have only two passage ways of transport

Question 15

what makes up the gap junction

Answer 15

two connexons on each cell’s plasma membrane

Question 16

what kind of molecules does the gap juncionts NOT pass?

Answer 16

macromolecules

Question 17

what kind of molecules pass through the gap junctions?

Answer 17

ioes e pequenas moleculas

Question 18

what are the types of signals a cell can respond to?

Answer 18

Physical, mechanical, neurotransmitter, nutrients, ordorants, pheromones

Question 19

a cell depends on it’s different types of signals to survive
V ou falso e explicar

Answer 19

Verdarde
Because each of these signals like, growth, differentiate, survive(when antigens hit the cell); are made for the cell’s adaptability and without any signal, the cell will just die

Question 20

what differentiates the different forms of cell signaling

Answer 20

The speed and selectivity by which the signals are delivered to their targets

Question 21

when the signal molecule is linked to the receptor what happens?

Answer 21

there’s a conformational alteration that transmits information into the cell, not the signal molecule

Question 22

order the quickness of a cell to a signal from very fast to slow
-cell movement
-metabolism
-synaptic response
-synthesis of new proteins

Answer 22

-Synaptic response
-metabolism
-cell movement
-synthesis of new proteins

Question 23

all cells respond to any signal
True or false

Answer 23

False
Not all cells respond

Question 24

the same signal has to give the same response in different types of cells.
True or false

Answer 24

False
The same signal can instigate a different response in different cells

Question 25

how is GTP changed to GDP in g proteins?

Answer 25

by guanine nucleotide exchange factors

Question 26

G-proteins deactivate themselves with GTPase?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

In cell signalling, GAP(GTPase activating protein) and GEF(guanine nucleotide exchange factors) does what?

Answer 27

GEFs turn on the signal while GAP turns off the signal

Question 28

In G proteins, how are the subunits linked?

Answer 28

By covalent bond to the lipids in the membrane

Question 29

In G proteins, the cells are always activated by Protein cinases and deactivated by phosphatases?

Answer 29

False The opposite can happen(activated by dephosphorylation and deactivated by phosphorylation (protein cinase)

Question 30

what type of responses do the GPCR mediate?

Answer 30

Respostas a sinais de outras celulas (tipo hormonas e neurotransmissores) e a maioria ao ambiente externo (visao, olfato)

Question 31

The GPCR molecule can catalyze the activation of many G protein molecules

Answer 31

True