Male GU System

Question 1

Spermatogenesis

Answer 1

the formation of male sex cells (sperm)

Question 2

Ductile system

Answer 2

(epidymides, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts) prepare sperm for ejaculation

Question 3

Gonadotropic hormones

Answer 3

FSH and LH

Question 4

Lutenizing hormone

Answer 4

aka interstitial cell-stimulating hormone. Regulates production of testosterone by interstitial cells of Leydig

Question 5

Follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 5

binds selectively to Sertoli cells surrounding seminiferous tubules, initiates spermatogenesis

Question 6

Erection

Answer 6

neurovascular process: involves autonomic nervous system, somatic nervous system via pudendal nerve, vasculature, and sinusoidal spaces of corpora cavernosa

Question 7

Erectile failure

Answer 7

results from disorders in one or a combination of neural, vascular, or chemical mediator aspects of erectile process

Question 8

Priapism

Answer 8

abnormal, painful, sustained erection that can lead to ischemic damage of penile structures

Question 9

Emission

Answer 9

contraction of vas deferens and ampulla with expulsion of sperm into internal urethra

Question 10

Ejaculation

Answer 10

expulsion of semen from urethra

Question 11

Detumescence

Answer 11

penile relaxation, resulting from outflow of blood from corpora cavernosa

Question 12

Balanitis

Answer 12

local inflammation of glans penis

Question 13

Balanoposthitis

Answer 13

inflammation of glans penis and overlying prepuce

Question 14

phimosis

Answer 14

tight foreskin

Question 15

smegma

Answer 15

debris from desquamated epithelia

Question 16

paraphimosis

Answer 16

pain, swelling, and congestion caused by forcibly retracting the stenotic prepuce over glans prepuce

Question 17

balanitis xerotica obliterans

Answer 17

chronic, sclerosing, atrophic process of glans penis occurs in uncirmcumcised men. Similar to lichen sclerosus seen in women

Question 18

Peyronie Disease

Answer 18

localized and progressive fibrosis of unknown origin that affects the tunica albuginea (fibrous sheath that surrounds the corpora cavernousa). Plagues are usually on the dorsal midline of shaft causing an upward curvature of the penis during erection. Intercourse will be difficult or painful. Usually seen in middle aged or elderly men. Usually self-limiting.

Question 19

Penile cancer

Answer 19

Very rare, highly curable. Linked to HPV, poor hygiene, and HPV. Incidence is almost non-existent in circumcised males.

Question 20

Giant condylomata acuminata

Answer 20

genital warts

Question 21

Hydrocele

Answer 21

scrotal swelling or enlargement resulting from excess fluid collection between the layers of tunica vaginalis. May result from injury epididymitis, gonorrhea, lymph obstruction, testicular tumor, or radiation treatment.

Question 22

Hematocele

Answer 22

scrotal swelling resulting from blood accumulation between layers of tunica vaginalis. Causes scrotal skin to take on a dark red or purple hue. Results from abdominal surgery, scrotal trauma, scrotal trauma, bleeding disorder or testicular tumor

Question 23

Spermatocele

Answer 23

painless, sperm-containing cyst that forms at the end of the epididymis. Can be single or multiple and are usually less than 1 cm in diameter.

Question 24

Varicocele

Answer 24

Varicosities on the pampiniform plexus. More common on left side. Most common in males 15-35. Decreases number and motility of sperm in affected males.

Question 25

Pampiniform plexis

Answer 25

network of veins supplying the testes

Question 26

Testicular torsion

Answer 26

twisting of spermatic cord that suspends testes. Can be extravaginal or intravaginal

Question 27

Extravaginal torsion

Answer 27

occurs in fetuses or neonates. Less common form. When testicle and fascial tunicae that surround it rotate around the spermatic cord at a level well above the tunica vaginalis.

Question 28

orchiopexy

Answer 28

attachment of testes to scrotum

Question 29

orchiectomy

Answer 29

removal of testis

Question 30

Intravaginal torsion

Answer 30

twisting of spermatic cord within the tunica vaginalis. Surgical emergency. Usually occurs in the absence of any precipitating event thought it is associated with abnormal fixation of the testis. The torsion obstructs venous drainage with resultant edema and hemorrhage and subsequent arterial obstruction. Pt presents often with N/V, tachycardia, large, tender testis with pain radiating to inguinal area.

Question 31

Epididymitis

Answer 31

inflammation of epididymis. Usually due to STI or infection from urinary tract bacteria. In prepubescent males it is associated with congenital abnormalites of the urethra and infection with gram-negative rods. Characterized by unilateral pain and swelling, erythema, edema developing over a period of 24-48 hours. Symptoms of lower UTI may also be present.

Question 32

Orchitis

Answer 32

inflammation of the testes. Can be caused by UTI or complications of systemic infection (eg. Mumps)

Question 33

Scrotal cancer

Answer 33

Rare and often benign. Linked to exposure to tar, coal or oil. Associated with chronic inflammation or exposure to HPV. Metastizes quickly to lymph tissue

Question 34

Testicular cancer

Answer 34

Only makes up 1-2% of cancers in men, however, is most common form of cancer seen in men ages 20-35. Predisposing factors include: cryptorchidism, genetic factors, and d/os of testicular growth and development.

Question 35

Cryptochidism

Answer 35

undescended testical