Mass & Balance Flashcards
(37 cards)
Basic Empty Mass (BEM)
The aeroplanes mass plus standard items.
Components of BEM (x 5 items).
Empty clean aircraft Unusable fuel Operating liquids Emergency equipment Supplementary electronic equipment
When must operator establish BEM
Before aircraft enters service
Who can weigh aircraft?
Manufacturer or Approved Maintenance Organisation
Where should aircraft be weighed?
In an enclosed building
How often should aircraft be weighed?
Every 4 years or every 9 years if part of a fleet
What are the effects of Mass on performance? (11 x items)
Reduced manoeuvrability Longer take off run Lower angle of climb Lower rate of climb Increased fuel consumption Increased wear on tyres Reduced factors of safety Increased stalling speed Change in flight characteristics Increased landing speed Increased angle of glide
What is the Specific Gravity of AVGAS? (Piston aircraft)
0.72 SG
What is the Specific Gravity of AVTUR? (Turbine aircraft)
0.80 SG
What is the Specific Gravity of engine oil?
0.88 SG
How many litres in 1 USG?
3.785l
How many litres in 1 x Imp Gallon?
4.456litres
How many USG in 1 x Imp Gallon?
1.2 USG
How many pints in a gallon? (Both US and Imperial)
8 pints.
What are the components of All Up Mass? (AUM)
Basic Empty Mass (BEM)
Variable Load (VL)
Traffic Load (TL)
Fuel
What composes BEM?
Mass of aircraft Unusable fuel Operating liquids Safety equipment Supplementary electronic equipment
What composes Variable Load?
Crew and their baggage Catering and other removable passenger service equipment Food and beverages Potable water Lavatory chemicals
What is Traffic Load (TL) made from?
Combined mass of passengers and their baggage, plus cargo, plus non-revenue Load.
What makes up fuel (as part of AUM)
Usable fuel in tanks
What makes up Dry Operating Mass (DOM)?
BEM + VL
What makes up Useful Load?
TL + F
What makes up Operating Mass (as part of AUM)
BEM + VL + Fuel
What makes up Zero Fuel Mass (as part of AUM)?
DOM + TL
What is Maximum Structural Taxi Mass/Maximum Ramp Mass(MRM)?
Maximum permissible mass when aircraft begins to taxi.
