MCB Lecture 30 Cytosol

Question 0

Describe the membrane structure of organelles

Answer 0

Single lipid bilayer from the same design plan

Question 1

Describe the cytosol

Answer 1

It is the interior of the cell membrane

The cell is very crowded, so there is not much cytosol

Question 2

Describe the design plan of organelles, and what this means for transport between them

Answer 2

The organelles have the same design plan. This means that one organelle can turn into another by budding and forming vesicles.

Also, transport between organelles is simple: vesicular transport

Question 3

Extracellular space is topologically equivalent to …

Answer 3

The lumen of organelles

Question 4

Describe how molecules are transported between organelles

Answer 4

Budding and fusion of vesicles

Question 5

Which organelles have two lipid Bilayers?

Answer 5

Nucleus, mitochrondria, chloroplasts

Question 6

Describe the evolution of a nucleus

Answer 6

DNA was present in the cytosol (like prokarya), then it became surrounded by a membrane that split off from the plasma membrane

Question 7

The nuclear intermembrane space is continuous with …?

Answer 7

The rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

The nuclear innermembrane space is continuous with …?

Answer 8

The cell cytosol

Question 9

Describe the evolution of mitochondria

Answer 9

An aerobic bacterium was engulfed by the cell into a vesicle. It has remained in this vesicle

Question 10

Which proteins are involved with the cytoskeleton?

Answer 10

Motor proteins

The structure itself, eg. actin

Question 11

Which proteins are associated with the nucleus?

Answer 11

Transcription factors, spliceosome

Question 12

Which proteins are associated with the cell membrane?

Answer 12

Transporters
Receptors
Channels

Question 13

Which proteins are associated with the mitochondria?

Answer 13

The complexes on the inner membrane involved with the electron transport chain

Question 14

Which proteins are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 14

Ribosomes
Translocators
Chaperones

Question 15

Which proteins are associated with the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 15

Many enzymes for all the modifications that go on

Question 16

Which proteins are associated with the lysosomes?

Answer 16

Lysosomal enzymes

Question 17

Which proteins are secreted?

Answer 17

Eg. Insulin, collagen

Question 18

Where does protein synthesis begin?

Answer 18

On a ribosome in the cytosol

Question 19

What are the two challenges of protein trafficking?

Answer 19

1. Access to a compartment

2. Targeting to a compartment

Question 20

What are the three mechanisms of transport of molecules around the cell?

Answer 20

1. Gated
2. Transmembrane transport
3. Vesicular transport

Question 21

Where does gated transport occur?

Answer 21

Nucleus <-> cytosol

Question 22

Where does transmembrane transport occur? What does it require?

Answer 22

From the cytosol to the mitochondria, peroxisomes and ER

Question 23

Where does vesicular transport occur?

Answer 23

Between organelles

Question 24

How can one organelle turn into another?

Answer 24

Vesicle budding and fusion

Question 25

What does it mean when we say that a cell is functionally compartmentalised?

Answer 25

That areas are delineated into compartments which have different functions

Question 26

How can one organelle turn into another?

Answer 26

Vesicle budding and fusion

Question 27

What does it mean when we say that a cell is functionally compartmentalised?

Answer 27

That areas are delineated into compartments which have different functions