MCM Final - Nerve Tissue

Question 0

PNS

Answer 0

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, peripheral nerves

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

ganglia

Answer 2

collection of nerve bodies (outside the CNS)

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

collection of nerve bodies (outside the CNS)

Question 4

two cell types in nerve tissue

Answer 4

neurons and glial cells

Question 5

perikaryon

Answer 5

cell body of neuron

has prominent nucleolus (RNA production)

also has nissl body and axon hillock

Question 6

nissl bodies

Answer 6

rER where ribosomes are located

Question 7

axon hillock

Answer 7

area of junction between axon and cell body

Question 8

axon

Answer 8

conveys information away from the cell body

have cytoskeleton, mitochondria, and vesicles

Question 9

anterograde transport

Answer 9

carry material from the cell body to the periphery

utilizes kinesin

Question 10

retrograde transport

Answer 10

carries material from periphery to the cell body

dynein

Question 11

dendritic cytoplasm

Answer 11

has no golgi!

Question 12

purkinje neuron

Answer 12

in the cerebellum

has a gigantic dendritic tree

Question 13

types of synapses

Answer 13

axodendritic, axosomatic, and axoaxonic

Question 14

interneurons

Answer 14

communicate info between sensory and motor neurons

Question 15

multipolar

Answer 15

one axon and two or more dendrites

Question 16

bipolar

Answer 16

one axon and one dendrite

Question 17

pseudounipolar

Answer 17

one process extends from cell body and divides into two long axons

Question 18

astrocytes

Answer 18

CNS neuroglia

provide physical and metabolic support

maintain tight junctions

associated with nodes of ranvier

regulate K+ concentration

Question 19

oligodendrocytes

Answer 19

produce CNS myelin sheath

one oligodendrocyte can myelinate several axons

Question 20

microglia

Answer 20

phagocytic cells in the CNS

Question 21

ependymal cells

Answer 21

columnar cells that form single cell layer to line fluid filled cavities of the CNS

has apical surface, basal surface, lateral surface and choroid plexus

Question 22

choiroid plexis

Answer 22

ependymal cells that produces CSF in the CNS

Question 23

schwann cells

Answer 23

produce the myelin sheath in the PNS

only one schwann cell per axon

Question 24

satellite cells

Answer 24

in the PNS and insulate and provide environmental support to neurons

Question 25

enteric neuroglia

Answer 25

in the ganglia of PNS analagous to astrocytes

Question 26

presynaptic axon terminal

Answer 26

voltage gaged Ca2+ channel open in response to depolarization influx of calcium - drives vesicle docking and fusion neurotransmitter released

Question 27

postsynaptic excitatory receptors

Answer 27

open Na+ channels | -depolarization > activate action potential

Question 28

postsynaptic inhibitory receptors

Answer 28

gated Cl- channels | -hyperpolarization > prevent action potential

Question 29

Action Potential Mechanism

Answer 29

1 begins in axon hillock - voltage gated Na+ channels cause influx 2 Na+ channels close and K+ channels open - leads to efflux of potassium (returns membrane potential) 3 resting potential returns

Question 30

saltatory conduction

Answer 30

sped up down axon bc of myelination voltage changes at nodes of ranvier only

Question 31

grey matter

Answer 31

nerve cell bodies, axons, dendrites, glial cells no myelin site of synapse

Question 32

white matter

Answer 32

nerve axons, associated glial cells, and blood vessels has myelin

Question 33

meninges

Answer 33

connective tissue in the nervous system

Question 34

dura mater

Answer 34

outermost layer close to skull very tough tissue

Question 35

arachnoid mater

Answer 35

beneath the dura | -subarachnoid space is location of CSF

Question 36

Pia mater

Answer 36

delicate layer on surface of CNS | -continuous with connective tissue

Question 37

blood-brain barrier

Answer 37

exists in the vascular carrying substances to the CNS endothelial cells, basal lamina, and astrocyte foot processes

Question 38

endoneurium

Answer 38

loose connective tissue covering individuals nerve fibers

Question 39

perineurium

Answer 39

connective tissue covering nerve fascicles **maintains the perineurium**

Question 40

fascicle

Answer 40

bundle of nerve fibers

Question 41

epineurium

Answer 41

dense irregular connective tissue covering the peripheral nerve