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MCM Final Exam > MCM Final - Nerve Tissue > Flashcards

MCM Final - Nerve Tissue Flashcards

0
Q

PNS

A

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, peripheral nerves

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1
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

ganglia

A

collection of nerve bodies (outside the CNS)

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3
Q

nucleus

A

collection of nerve bodies (outside the CNS)

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4
Q

two cell types in nerve tissue

A

neurons and glial cells

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5
Q

perikaryon

A

cell body of neuron

has prominent nucleolus (RNA production)

also has nissl body and axon hillock

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6
Q

nissl bodies

A

rER where ribosomes are located

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7
Q

axon hillock

A

area of junction between axon and cell body

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8
Q

axon

A

conveys information away from the cell body

have cytoskeleton, mitochondria, and vesicles

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9
Q

anterograde transport

A

carry material from the cell body to the periphery

utilizes kinesin

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10
Q

retrograde transport

A

carries material from periphery to the cell body

dynein

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11
Q

dendritic cytoplasm

A

has no golgi!

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12
Q

purkinje neuron

A

in the cerebellum

has a gigantic dendritic tree

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13
Q

types of synapses

A

axodendritic, axosomatic, and axoaxonic

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14
Q

interneurons

A

communicate info between sensory and motor neurons

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15
Q

multipolar

A

one axon and two or more dendrites

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16
Q

bipolar

A

one axon and one dendrite

17
Q

pseudounipolar

A

one process extends from cell body and divides into two long axons

18
Q

astrocytes

A

CNS neuroglia

provide physical and metabolic support

maintain tight junctions

associated with nodes of ranvier

regulate K+ concentration

19
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

produce CNS myelin sheath

one oligodendrocyte can myelinate several axons

20
Q

microglia

A

phagocytic cells in the CNS

21
Q

ependymal cells

A

columnar cells that form single cell layer to line fluid filled cavities of the CNS

has apical surface, basal surface, lateral surface and choroid plexus

22
Q

choiroid plexis

A

ependymal cells that produces CSF in the CNS

23
Q

schwann cells

A

produce the myelin sheath in the PNS

only one schwann cell per axon

24
Q

satellite cells

A

in the PNS and insulate and provide environmental support to neurons

25
Q

enteric neuroglia

A

in the ganglia of PNS

analagous to astrocytes

26
Q

presynaptic axon terminal

A

voltage gaged Ca2+ channel

open in response to depolarization

influx of calcium - drives vesicle docking and fusion

neurotransmitter released

27
Q

postsynaptic excitatory receptors

A

open Na+ channels

-depolarization > activate action potential

28
Q

postsynaptic inhibitory receptors

A

gated Cl- channels

-hyperpolarization > prevent action potential

29
Q

Action Potential Mechanism

A

1 begins in axon hillock - voltage gated Na+ channels cause influx
2 Na+ channels close and K+ channels open - leads to efflux of potassium (returns membrane potential)
3 resting potential returns

30
Q

saltatory conduction

A

sped up down axon bc of myelination

voltage changes at nodes of ranvier only

31
Q

grey matter

A

nerve cell bodies, axons, dendrites, glial cells

no myelin

site of synapse

32
Q

white matter

A

nerve axons, associated glial cells, and blood vessels

has myelin

33
Q

meninges

A

connective tissue in the nervous system

34
Q

dura mater

A

outermost layer close to skull

very tough tissue

35
Q

arachnoid mater

A

beneath the dura

-subarachnoid space is location of CSF

36
Q

Pia mater

A

delicate layer on surface of CNS

-continuous with connective tissue

37
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

exists in the vascular carrying substances to the CNS

endothelial cells, basal lamina, and astrocyte foot processes

38
Q

endoneurium

A

loose connective tissue covering individuals nerve fibers

39
Q

perineurium

A

connective tissue covering nerve fascicles

maintains the perineurium

40
Q

fascicle

A

bundle of nerve fibers

41
Q

epineurium

A

dense irregular connective tissue covering the peripheral nerve

MCM Final Exam (16 decks)

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