Med Study NICU

Question 1

This condition increases the risk of renal vein thrombosis

Answer 1

perinatal asphyxia

mediated by endothelial cell injury

Question 2

How does renal vein thrombosis present?

Answer 2

sudden onset gross hematuria
flank mass due to kidney enlargement
thrombocytopenia

and decreased urine output

Question 3

How to diagnose renal vein thrombosis:

Answer 3

doppler flow studies of the inferior vena cava and renal veins

Question 4

Anisocoria results from blank nerve root injury

Answer 4

T1

Question 5

What is anisocoria?

Answer 5

unequal pupil size

Question 6

T1 damage causes

Answer 6

Horner syndrome
(ptosis, MIOSIS (leading to unequal pupil size), and anhidrosis)

can be part of a brachial plexus injury

Question 7

Nerve roots involved in Erb’s palsy

Answer 7

C5-C6

Question 8

Symptomatic hypoglycemia in the first 4 hours of birth (glu < 40) should be treated how?

Answer 8

WITH IV GLUCOSE

Question 9

Up until this gestational age, the sole of the foot has no creases

Answer 9

32 weeks

Question 10

The pinna is soft and ears remain folded until this gestational age

Answer 10

31 weeks

Question 11

Ears have scant cartilage, and the pinna returns slowly from folding in a newborn infant. What is the gestational age?

Answer 11

32-35 weeks

Question 12

At what gestational age have the ears developed thin cartilage throughout, and will spring back into shape when folded?

Answer 12

36-39 weeks

Question 13

Generally, you don’t see any anterior sole creases until this gestational age

Answer 13

31 weeks

Question 14

A 1 hour old infant has 1-2 anterior sole crease on their feet. Their gestational age is

Answer 14

32-33 weeks

Question 15

At 34-35 weeks gestation, how many anterior sole creases are on an infant’s feet?

Answer 15

2-3 anterior creases on each sole

Question 16

Creases cover 2/3 of the anterior sole at this gestational age

Answer 16

36-37 weeks

Question 17

At what gestational age doe heel creases show up?

Answer 17

38-41 weeks

Question 18

Areola and nipple are barely visible and there is no breast tissue until this gestational age

Answer 18

33 weeks

Question 19

Absent vernix indicates

Answer 19

a post term baby

Question 20

Lanugo covers this entire body until this gestational age

Answer 20

32 weeks

Question 21

Do term babies have lanugo?

Answer 21

yes but only on the shoulders

Question 22

Ear cartilage is absent until

Answer 22

32 weeks

Question 23

At what gestational age does the areola raise?

Answer 23

34-35 weeks

Question 24

Phimosis

Answer 24

= foreskin that cannot be retracted

Question 25

Treatment for umbilical granuloma

Answer 25

silver nitrate

Question 26

What is an umbilical polyp and how do you treat it?

Answer 26

= a firm mass comprised of intestinal or urinary tract tissue (will look more red than a granuloma) needs surgical excision

Question 27

Vernix covers the entire body until this gestational age

Answer 27

32 weeks

Question 28

There is no breast tissue until this gestational age

Answer 28

36 weeks

Question 29

Between these gestational ages, the ears have scant cartilage with slow return from folding

Answer 29

32-35 weeks

Question 30

The first crease or two on the anterior sole show up around this GA

Answer 30

32 weeks

Question 31

Breast milk jaundice peaks at what age?

Answer 31

2 weeks of life

Question 32

How do patients with galactosemia present, and when?

Answer 32

In the first week of life with jaundice, vomiting, hepatomegaly and poor feeding

Question 33

Galactosemia is a recessive disorder caused by a deficiency in this enzyme:

Answer 33

galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency

Question 34

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is caused by what type of antibody?

Answer 34

IgG IgG gone all the way to the fetus

Question 35

Etiology of breastmilk jaundice

Answer 35

elevated levels of beta-glucuronidase this enzyme unconjugates bilirubin from glucuronic acid and makes it available to get reabsorbed.... and so the bili is not gotten rid of the is the main cause of hyperbili in a breastfed infant at like TWO WEEKS of age so it's not right away.

Question 36

When does physiologic jaundice peak?

Answer 36

3-4 days of age and it's gone by 1-2 weeks of life

Question 37

Elevated levels of this, found in breastmilk, is why breastmilk jaundice occurs

Answer 37

B-glucuronidase

Question 38

What causes physiologic jaundice?

Answer 38

Shorter lifespan of fetal RBCs | and by diminished bilirubin excretion (which is caused by decreased metabolism in the liver

Question 39

What is a cystic hygroma?

Answer 39

= a type of lymphangioma (lymphatic malformation) where there is abnormal development of the lymphatic system that causes obstruction of lymphatic flow and subsequent sequestration of lymphatic fluid. On exam will be a soft, compressible, poorly defined, non pulsatile neck mass that transilluminates

Question 40

What is a thyroglossal duct cyst?

Answer 40

A thyroglossal duct cyst is a neck mass or lump that develops from cells and tissues remaining after the formation of the thyroid gland during embryonic development. It is most commonly diagnosed in preschool-aged children or during mid-adolescence, and often appears after an upper respiratory infection when it enlarges and becomes painful.

Question 41

How does a branchial cleft cyst usually present?

Answer 41

in late childhood or adolescence when a previously unrecognized cyst gets infected usually located just under the mandible, anterior to the sternocleidomastoid

Question 42

Inclusion bodies think

Answer 42

chlamydia

Question 43

When does chlamydia conjunctivitis show up?

Answer 43

5-12 days of age

Question 44

Which type of conjunctivitis presents with mucopurulent discharge?

Answer 44

gonorrhea

Question 45

When does gonorrhea conjunctivitis show up?

Answer 45

Age 2-5 days | where as chlamydia is later

Question 46

How does Klumpke's palsy present?

Answer 46

Klumpke's palsy = lower brachial plexus injury So presents with inability to move the hand/wrsit, and "claw hand" deformity

Question 47

3 hour old baby can move hand, but not arm. The injury is

Answer 47

Erb's palsy | Upper brachial plexus injury (C5, C6)

Question 48

Interruption of the sympathetic chain at the T1 nerve root causes.....

Answer 48

Horner syndrome (miosis, ptosis, and anhidrosis)