Mediastinum

Question 1

What diaphragmatic opening does the greater splanchnic nerve pass through to access the abdominal cavity?

Answer 1

Aortic hiatus.

Question 2

What structure can be used to landmark the phrenic nerve?

Answer 2

Anterior to the Anterior Scalene Muscle.

Question 3

What is the origin of the Phrenic nerve?

Answer 3

Ventral nerve roots C3-C5

Question 4

What is the root/origin of the greater splanchnic nerve?

Answer 4

Spinal Levels T5-T9

Question 5

What is the sensory innervation of the Phrenic nerve?

Answer 5

Fibrous Pericardium
Mediastinal Pleura
Diaphragmatic Peritoneum

Question 6

What is the motor innervation of the Phrenic Nerve?

Answer 6

Diaphragm

Question 7

Which branches arise from the Left Vagus Nerve?

Answer 7

Left Recurrent Laryngeal Branches
Anterior Vagal Trunk

Question 8

What is the motor innervation of the Vagus Nerve?

Answer 8

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Question 9

Does Greater Splanchnic Nerve contain preganglionic or postganglionic neurons?

Answer 9

Sympathetic Preganglionic Fibers

Question 10

Where does the Ascending Aorta originate from?

Answer 10

Left Ventricle

Question 11

What is a branch of the Greater Splanchnic Nerve?

Answer 11

Celiac Plexus
Parasympathetic Nerve Contributions

Question 12

What can be used as a landmark to identify the Vagus Nerve?

Answer 12

Posterior to the Root of Lung.

Question 13

What opening in the Diaphragm does Descending Thoracic Aorta pass through?

Answer 13

Aortic Hiatus

Question 14

What is a sensory innervation of the Greater Splanchnic Nerve?

Answer 14

Esophagus
Small Intestine
Liver
Gallbladder
Kidneys
Pancreas
Spleen

Question 15

What is the sympathetic innervation of the Greater Splanchnic Nerve?

Answer 15

Increased Vasoconstriction of Blood Vessels
Decreased GI motility
Increased conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver
Decreased urinary output

Question 16

What is the sympathetic innervation of the Sympathetic Trunk?

Answer 16

Increases heart rate
Increases vasoconstriction
Bronchial dilation
Decreases GI motility
Conversion of glycogen into glucose in liver
Decreases urinary output
Contraction of sphincter of bladder
Increases sweat gland secretions

Question 17

What functional deficit would be observed if Phrenic nerve was lesioned?

Answer 17

Weakening or paralysis of the diaphragm=difficulty breathing

Question 18

What is a branch that arises from the Sympathetic Trunk?

Answer 18

Cardiopulmonary Splanchnic Nerve
Greater Splanchnic Nerve
Lesser Splanchnic Nerve
Least Splanchnic Nerve
Lumbar Splanchnic Nerve

Question 19

What functional deficit would be observed if Vagus Nerve was lesioned?

Answer 19

Increased heart rate
Increased vasoconstriction
Bronchial dilation
Decreased GI motility
Increased conversion of glycogen to glucose in liver
Decreased urinary output

Question 20

What area does the Accessory Hemiazygos Vein drain?

Answer 20

Left Superior Superficial Thorax

Question 21

Where does the Hemiazygos Vein drain into?

Answer 21

Azygos Vein

Question 22

Where does the Superior Vena Cava drain into?

Answer 22

Right Atrium

Question 23

Where does the Posterior Intercostal Vein drain into?

Answer 23

Left- Hemiazygos Vein
Right- Azygos Vein

Question 24

What substance is found in the Thoracic Duct?

Answer 24

Lymph

Question 25

Where does the Hemiazygos Vein come from?

Answer 25

Left Common Iliac Vein Left Ascending Lumbar Vein Left Posterior Intercostal Veins

Question 26

What causes the pulmonary bronchi to to dilate?

Answer 26

Sympathetic innervation from the Sympathetic Trunk

Question 27

What is a branch/terminal branch of the Common Carotid Artery?

Answer 27

Internal Carotid Artery

Question 28

What is the origin of the Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve?

Answer 28

Left Vagus Nerve

Question 29

What are the branches of the Right Subclavian Artery?

Answer 29

Internal Thoracic Artery Vertebral Artery Thyrocervical Trunk, continues at the Axillary Artery

Question 30

What is the sensory innervation of Phrenic Nerve?

Answer 30

Fibrous Pericardium Mediastinal Pleura Diaphragmatic Peritoneum

Question 31

What is the sensory innervation of the Vagus Nerve?

Answer 31

Abdominal Viscera (Most of the digestive tract, up until the splenic flexure of the large colon.)

Question 32

Where does the Right Subclavian Artery originate from?

Answer 32

Brachiocephalic Trunk

Question 33

Does the Vagus Nerve contain pre or postganglionic neurons?

Answer 33

Preganglionic Parasympathetic Neurons

Question 34

What is the sensory innervation of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve?

Answer 34

Larynx below the vocal cords.

Question 35

Which artery does the Posterior Intercostal Artery anastomose with?

Answer 35

Anterior Intercostal Artery

Question 36

Which branch arises from the Greater Splanchnic Nerve?

Answer 36

Celiac Plexus

Question 37

Where does the Superior Vena Cava come from?

Answer 37

Right and Left Brachiocephalic Veins

Question 38

What nerve carries sensory afferent information from the Esophagus?

Answer 38

Sympathetic Nerves (which arise from the esophageal plexus)

Question 39

What area does the Azygos Vein drain?

Answer 39

Right Superficial Thorax Right Lumbar Region

Question 40

Where does the Azygos Vein drain into?

Answer 40

Posterior aspect of the Superior Vena Cava

Question 41

What is the root/origin of the Greater Splanchnic Nerve?

Answer 41

Spinal Levels T5-T9

Question 42

What is the sensory innervation of the Sympathetic Trunk?

Answer 42

Thoracic and Abdominal Viscera