Medicinal microbiology- part 2 Flashcards
(26 cards)
what is endospore?
method of survival for bacteria
produce a unique resting cell
-bacterillus anthracis and bacillus cereus
what is pyogenic cocci?
-spherical bacteria which cause various suppurative (pusproducing) infections in animals
- gram positive cocci are the leading pathogens of humans
(around 1/3 of all infections)
what is Staphylococcus aureus?
lives on skin and nasal membranes,
different strains differ in severity of disease they can
induce: boils, pimples, wound infections, pneumonia, toxic
shock syndrome; leading cause of infections acquired in
hospitals, resistant towards penicillin and many other
antibiotics
what is MRSA?
usually confined to hospitals, rarely a concern for general
public, can be treated by vancomycin (toxic, expensive, has
to be given by intravenous infusion)
what is enteric bacteria?
are Gram-negative rods with facultative anaerobic
metabolism that live in the intestinal tracts of animals found in gut
what is Escherichia coli?
- 2nd important bacteria in gut
- indicator for faeces in water
what is salmonella?
most common cause of food-associated diarrhoea salmonella are widely distributed in animals, providing a constant source of infection for man
what are the key infor about bacillus anthrax? pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous symptoms
- can enter body through intestines, lungs, skin
- pulmonary=not contagious and is unlikely to spread from person to person
- initially present flu symptoms, then respiratory problems which could be fatal
- gastrointestinal=vomiting blood, diarrhoea
- cutaneous=ulcers and itchy skin lesion or blisters
what does E.coli cause?
Diarrhoea
why do you have the diarrhoea with salmanella?
- you get an infection in GI tract
- cause inflammatory response get the polymorphonuclear leukocytes and neutrophils activated and confine infection to GI tract
- the inflammatory response mediates release of prostaglandins which stimulate cAMP and active fluid secretion cause diarrhoea
how is syphilis transmitted?
its a STD WHICH CAN affect their bones
what are some key facts about chlamydia?
its unable to prodcue ATP so has to use the one inside the host celland can cause blindness its a STD a lot of people don know they are infected
what are the key infor about poli?
- its a virus
- its asymptomatic in 90% of cases
how many viruses can give us hepatitis?
6, A,B,C,D,E,G
WHAT ARE SOME KEY FACTS ABOUT HEPATITIS?
it targets the liver
-they all have different structures
what is hepatitis B
has a small enveloped DNA virus
- its gets into the cell into the nucleus and makes mRNA
- moves to cytoplasm and encodes for reverse transcriptase and replicates through RNA intermediate
How do you get hepatitis B?
through blood, semen or infected bodily fluid
what type of genome does influenza have?
virus is enveloped and has a segmented negative-sense an RNA genome
has 8 segments
what is the role for of H trimer (hemagglutinin) ?
sits on the cell surfafe and stops it from getting to the cell
what is the role for of N tetramer (neuramididase)?
sits on the cell surfafe and stops it from getting out of the cell
what is the benefit of making H trimer (hemagglutinin) anbitbodies?
prevents the virus from getting into the cell so we will be immune
what is the benefit of making N tetramer (neuramididase) antibodies?
it prevents it from leaving the cell and spreading it to other cells and infecting other people
what should be done if someone is bite by an animal with rabies?
post exposure prophylaxis to prevent clinical illness, which is antibodies of the virus and should get a vaccination too
what is the LTR region of the genome structure of retrovirus?
-control the retro virus
-at each end of the genome are long-terminal repeats (LTR)
• contain promoter sequences, enhancers, can contain oncogenes
