Medicines 58 Flashcards
(14 cards)
When should Oseltamivir be started post exposure ?
The sooner it is administered, the more effective it is. However, oseltamivir should be started within 48 hours of exposure. Zanamivir, on the other hand, should be started within 36 hours.
What is the correct loading dose of amiodorone?
The correct loading doses should be 200mg three times a day for 7 days, then 200mg twice daily for another 7 days and then 200mg daily as maintenance.
What is the risk of using loperamide in ulcerative colitis?
Use of anti-diarrhoeal in ulcerative colitis (UC) should be under specialist use only as they increase the risk of toxic megacolon in acute UC.
What is the effect of digoxin in heart failure (rhys teh pharmacist taught you this)
Digoxin has also not been proven to reduce mortality in patients with heart failure. It may however improve symptoms due to its inotropic properties.
When should GTN tablets be discarded?
Sublingual tablets come in a special glass container with a foil-lined cap. It does not have cotton wool wadding. Patients must be advised to keep the tablets in their original glass container to maintain their effectiveness.
The tablets should be discarded 8 weeks after first opening as they deteriorate with exposure to air.
What is a key side effect od doxyrubicin?
Doxorubicin, an anthracycline, commonly causes cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity presents as either acute cardiotoxicity (within 2 weeks of treatment) or delayed cardiotoxicity (developing within 1 year to many years later) which presents as congestive cardiac failure or heart failure. Delayed cardiotoxicity is manifested by reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The reduced output from the left ventricle leads to the symptoms described in the patient scenario and are characteristic of congestive heart failure. Higher cumulative doses of doxorubicin are associated with congestive heart failure and therefore cumulative doses tend to be limited to 450 mg/m2.
What is Cisplatins main SEs to look out for?
dose-related ototoxicity (characterised by tinnitus) or nephrotoxicity (renal failure)
How long should contraception continue following Accretin treatment ( a retinoid)
contraception should continue for three years after the last dose of acitretin.
Which allergy are oral retinoids contraindicated in?
Contra-indicated in patients with hypersensitivity to peanuts or soya (capsule filling contains soya-bean oil).
When is shingles treatment repeated with permethrin?
1 week later
Why cant dabigatran go in dossette boxes?
Dabigatran should not be placed in dosette boxes (monitored dosage systems) because of its sensitivity to moisture and light, which can affect the stability and potency of the medication
What are the TSH and T4 levels with Secondary hypothyroidism
Normal TSH (or low) , Low T4
Name atleast 5 medications that cause vision disorders:
Ivabradine Visual brightness or phosphenes (transient enhanced brightness in visual field)
Corticosteroids Risk of central serous chorioretinopathy (can cause blurred or distorted vision)
Ethambutol Optic neuritis – blurred vision, red-green color blindness; requires baseline and regular visual acuity & color vision tests
Linezolid Optic neuropathy (especially with prolonged use); monitor for visual changes
Digoxin (overdose) Visual disturbances: blurred vision, yellow/green vision (xanthopsia), halos
Lithium (overdose) Blurred vision, nystagmus (can be a sign of toxicity)
Carbamazepine & Phenytoin (overdose) Diplopia (double vision), nystagmus, blurred vision
Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy (bull’s eye maculopathy); requires baseline eye exam and annual screening after 5 years of use
Amiodarone Corneal microdeposits (common, usually asymptomatic); can also rarely cause optic neuropathy
Vigabatrin - Irreversible visual field defects (requires regular eye exams)
Tamoxifen Crystalline retinopathy, cataracts, visual disturbances
Tamsulosin - cautioned - cataract surgery (risk of intra-operative floppy iris syndrome)
What is the general rule of thumb for max asthma dosing according to all wales guidance?
MART DPI - max 12 doses per day excluding fostair which is 8
MART MDI - max 8 doses per day
