memory

Question 1

what is memory important for?

Answer 1

planning + learning!

Question 2

Sherry et al 1992 nest + caching study

Answer 2

hippocampus + blackcapped chickadee

lesions impact nest and cache visits

Question 3

krebs 1989 study

Answer 3

food hoarding birds= better memory

Question 4

home range studies on voles + memory

Answer 4

meadow voles–> polygynous
- sexuall dimoprhic; increased home range size for males

results in males having higher spatial abillity than females= larger hippocampus

pine voles–> monogamous + low HR
- females have slightly larger spatial abillity/hippocampus size

Question 5

LT memory categories

Answer 5

declarative (explicit)
—> episodic + semantic

procedural (implicit)

Question 6

declarative memory: definition and processes

Answer 6

explicit memory; ‘intentional reccolation

permits the comparison and contrasting and inference from generalizations from multiple information sources

1. acquistion
2. consolidation
3. retrieval

further organized into semantic and epsidoic

Question 7

procedural memory

Answer 7

is implicity; unconscious actions

Question 8

semantic memory

Answer 8

is KNOWING i.e. flame is hot

Question 9

episodic memory

Answer 9

is REMEMBERING events: i.e. remember WHEN you burtn your finger—> the WHAT WHERE AND WHEN

studied: peanut and worm in jays

Question 10

structures of episodic memory

Answer 10

1. content
2. structure (integraiton of content)
3. flexibillity (flexible use of said information)

Question 11

clayton and dickinson 1998 food caching studies

Answer 11

corvids (scrub jays_ store 1000+ seeds and lows the spatial location and contents

recovery strategy relates to PERISHABILLITY of food (temporal sensitivity)

shown than birds will prefer peanuts for long-term storage adn wroms for short-term; peanuts preffered if food season is long but worms eaten more quickly

Question 12

clayton et al 2003 mental time travel

Answer 12

corvid jay peanuts and worms: STUDY how ‘planning for future’ is present using episdoic memory

birds cache peanuts and THEN worms (4 h; panuts/ 12 h= worms)

adjust caching to ancitipate FUTURED NEED (perishing information)

use the CONTENT (what/who/where), STRUCTURE and FLEXIBILITY factors

Question 13

do chimps have episodic memory? + studies

Answer 13

contested.

They fail food caching task (dufour and sterck)

but in Leipzig in 2010 some adolsecents passed in frozen juice vs perishabaple grape study

Question 14

what does future planning involve

Answer 14

self control and inhibition

anticipation of future benefits

anticipation and self control

–> chimps and children often fail

Question 15

example of inhibition for future planning

Answer 15

marshemellwo test in children 1972!: 5 minute waiting

but capuchins can only wait 20 secs

Question 16

bischof kohler hypithesis

Answer 16

mental time travel is used with episodic memory and future planinning

dissosciate current/previous state for future needs (hungry vs fll lion comparisons)

Question 17

goal directed vs planning

Answer 17

animals often have short-term goal directed behaviour; like a rat pressing a lever

but long term strategy requires planning independent of current state (bird food caching)

Question 18

social impacts on cachin behaviour in jays and memory

Answer 18

birds rechace if observed if they have been stolen from before (Previous experience)

Question 19

van schaik et al 2013 orangutan calls?

Answer 19

oragntuatns communicate plans of next day to females in long calls

Question 20

how long will a chimpanzee ‘wait’ for cookies (task)

Answer 20

4 minutes if same value

8 minutes if a massive reward

shows tradeoffs in waiting time and quality/quantity of reward= epividnce for reciprocal altruism!

Question 21

rosati et al 2002 humans vs chimps in…

Answer 21

waiting time; humasn prefer moeny, chimps prefer food and do better than other apes

Question 22

spoon test tulvin 2005

Answer 22

girl needs to remember to bring a spoon for a party; age 4 children pass

Question 23

tool use dufour and sterk 2007 study shows

Answer 23

chimps ‘remember’ and ‘save tools’ for future use

(stick for honey dipping in morning and hook forjuice in afternoon)