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ITP > MEMORY > Flashcards

MEMORY Flashcards

1
Q

EXPLICIT MEMORY (DECLARATIVE)

A

memory for specific information (CLEARLY STATED/EXPLAINED)

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2
Q

2 KINDS OF EXPLICIT MEMORIES
1. EPISODIC (autobiographical)

A

memories that takes place in our presence

(what u ate for bfast, what your prof said in class)

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3
Q

2 KINDS OF EXPLICIT MEMORIES
2. SEMANTIC

A

meanings (what u know/general knowledge)

(u know who wrote the bible without being there during the time it was being written)

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4
Q

IMPLICIT MEMORY (NON-DECLARATIVE)

A

memory of how to perform a task (skilled or procedural

(typing, eating, showering)

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5
Q

PRIMING

A

activation of specific associations in memory, often thru repetition and without making conscious effort to access the memory

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6
Q

RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY

A

memory for PAST events, activities, learning experiences.

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7
Q

PROSPECTIVE MEMORY

A

memory to perform an act in the FUTURE

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8
Q

1ST STAGE: ENCODES (info processing)

A

modifies info so it can be placed into memory (encoding of stimuli into memory)

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9
Q

2ND STAGE: STORAGE (info processing)

A

maintaining info over time

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10
Q

MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL (storage)

A

mentally repeating the list/saying it over and over again

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11
Q

ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL (storage)

A

relating new info to already known info (extending semantic meaning to what u already know)

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12
Q

3RD STAGE: RETRIEVAL (info processing)

A

locating the stored info and returning it to consciousness

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13
Q

RICHARD SHIFFRIN (3 STAGES OF MEMORY)

A

SENSORY:

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14
Q

MEMORY

A

process where info is encoded, stored, and retrieved

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15
Q

SENSORY MEMORY

A

memory first encountered by a stimulus

although brief, it is long enough so a series of perceptions are continuous

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16
Q

ICONIC MEMORY (sensory)

A

sensory register that briefly holds mental representation of visual stimuli

ICON: mental representation of visual stimuli

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17
Q

EIDETIC IMAGERY

A

ability to retain exact mental representations of visual stimuli of a long time

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18
Q

ECHOIC MEMORY

A

mental representations of auditory stimuli (sounds)

19
Q

SHORT TERM MEMORY (working memory)

A

stage of memory that can hold info for up to a minute or so after the trace or stimulus decays (“working kasi conscious” - rehearsed or repeated info)

20
Q

SERIAL POSITION EFFECT

A

tendency to recall more accurately the 1ST and LAST items in a series

21
Q

CHUNK(ING) (GEORGE MILLER)

A

group of stimuli that are perceived as a discrete piece of information

22
Q

DISPLACEMENT (DISPLACE)

A

(in memory theory)

to cause information to be lost from SHORT TERM MEMORY by adding new info

23
Q

LONG TERM MEMORY

A

type of memory storage capable of PERMANENT storage

24
Q

REPRESSION

A

(freud’s psychodynamic theory)

the ejection of anxiety evoking ideas from conscious awareness

25
Q

SCHEMAS

A

way of mentally representing the world such as BELIEF/EXPECTATIONS that can influence perceptions of persons, objects, and situations

26
Q

SELF REFERENCE EFFECT

A

infos are easier to remember when its connected to u (high levels of recall when asked to relate words meaningfully)

27
Q

TIP OF THE TONGUE PHENOMENON (TOT)

A

when info is restored in memory but it cannot be easily retrieved

28
Q

CONTEXT DEPENDENT MEMORY

A

info that is better retrieved in the context in which it was learned/experienced

29
Q

STATE DEPENDENT MEMORY

A

info that is better retrieved in the physiological/emotional state in which it was learned/experienced

30
Q

NONSENSE SYLLABLES

A

meaningless set of 2 consonants with a vowel sandwiched in between (used to study memory)

31
Q

PAIRED ASSOCIATES

A

(used in recall)

nonsense syllables presented in pairs in experiments to measure recall

32
Q

(memory tasks)
RECOGNITION
RECALL
RELEARNING

A
  1. aspect of forgetting is failure to recognize something we have experienced
  2. use or nonsense syllables
  3. relearning what we knew
33
Q

METHODS OF SAVINGS (efficiency of relearning)

A

measure of retention in which it CALCULATES the diff between the number of REPETITIONS needed to LEARN a list and the number of REPETITIONS needed to RE-LEARN after a CERTAIN amount of time has elapsed

34
Q

SAVINGS

A

the diff between the number of REPETITIONS needed to LEARN a list and the number of REPETITIONS needed to RE-LEARN after a CERTAIN amount of time has elapsed

35
Q

INTERFERENCE THEORY

A

view that newly learned material interferes with old memories in STM and LTM

36
Q

RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE

A

interference of NEW LEARNING to the ability to retrieve PREVIOUSLY learned material

37
Q

PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE

A

interference of OLD LEARNING to the ability to retrieve NEWLY learned material

38
Q

DISSIOCIATIVE AMNESIA (memory disorder)

A

loss of memory of personal information that is thought to stem from trauma

39
Q

INFANTILE AMNESIA (childhood amnesia)

A

inability to recall events the happen b4 the age of 3 or so

40
Q

ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA

A

failure to remember events that happened after the physical trauma

41
Q

RETROGRADE AMNESIA

A

failure to remember events that happened before the physical trauma

42
Q

ENGRAM

A

assumed electrical circuit in the brain that corresponds to a memory trace

43
Q

LONG TERM POTENTIATION (LTP)

A

enhanced efficiency in synaptic transmission that follows brief rapid stimulation

ITP (5 decks)

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