Menstrual Disorders

Question 1

normal and average period loss?

Answer 1

normal is less than 80ml

average is around 30-40ml

Question 2

average duration of period?

Answer 2

2-7d

Question 3

menarche age? average?

Answer 3

10-16

average - 12

Question 4

heavy menstrual bleeding amount?

Answer 4

> 80ml over 7 days with regular cycle

and/or the need to change menstrual products every 1/2 hours

Question 5

causes of heavy menstrual bleeding? (3 groups)

Answer 5

Uterine + Ovarian pathologies
Systemic diseases and disorders
Iatrogenic causes

Question 6

PALM COEIN

Answer 6

Polyp
Adenomyosis
Leiomyoma/Fibroid
Malignancy

Coagulopathy
Ovulation Dysfunction
Endometrium
Iatrogenic
Not Yet Classified

Question 7

management of fibroids?

Answer 7

symptom based:

fibroid embolisation, myomectomy
consider hysterectomy

Question 8

what is endometriosis? what happens?

Answer 8

endometrial tissue present outside the lining of the uterus

during menstruation this ectopic tissue behaves the same as endometrium and bleeds

Question 9

endometriosis symptoms?

Answer 9

HMB
Painful Cramps
Lower back pain
Abnormal bleeding/spotting between cycles
Dyspareunia 
Pain on urination/defecation
Diarrhoea, Nausea + Blotting

Question 10

endometriosis diagnosis?

Answer 10

pelvic exam
diagnositic laparoscopy
US

Question 11

endometriosis management?

Answer 11

medical - COCP, POP, Mirena, Depot Probera

surgical - ablation, hysterectomy

Question 12

2 types of hysterectomy?

Answer 12

total - cervix and uterus removed

subtotal - uterus removed, cervix left

Question 13

hysterectomy risks? (5)

Answer 13

infection
DVT
bladder/bowel/vessel 
altered bladder function
adhesions

Question 14

risk in conservation of the ovaries?

Answer 14

high risk of menopause in the next 2 years even if ovaries are conserved due to compromised blood supply