Catabolic reaction vs Anabolic reaction definition
C- large molecules broken down to smaller pieces, destructive metabolic process
A- small molecules built up to make larger ones, building metabolic process
Enzyme definition
Protein, allows chem reaction to occur, substrate specific
Lock and key model process
1- substrate complementary to enzyme, joins to active site to from enzyme
2-enzyme lowers activation energy, begins chem reaction, catabolic reactions begins
3-enzyme release products, then repeats process
Cellular respiration purpose and word equation
Breakdown of glucose to release energy
Reactions and products word equations:
Oxygen + glucose > energy + carbon dioxide + water
Difference between anaerobic and aerobics respiration
Anaerobic (glycolysis)- breakdown of glucose with no oxygen, in cytoplasm
Word equation- glucose>2ATP + lactic acid
Aerobic- breakdown of glucose with oxygen present, in mitochondria
Word equation- glucose + oxygen> 38 ATP + waters + carbon dioxide
ATP, how formed and used for
adenosine triphosphate,
ATP is a usable form of energy for cells - the energy is “trapped” in a chemical bond that can be released and used to drive other reactions that require energy (endergonic reactions).
Nutrients in body
Amino acids- proteins, control chem reactions/metabolism
Simple sugars-broken into cellular respiration
Fatty acids- brok and to release energy
Vitamins- acts as co-factors (inorganic material) for chem reactions of metabolism
Minerals-function as co-enzyme (inorganic material)
Enzymes affected by what factors
Ph, temp, presence of inhibitors, co-enzymes, co-factors, concentration of reactants and products
Denaturing defintion
Change to the shape of the active site
The shape of the active site is affected by pH. This is why enzymes will only work at a specific pH, as well as a specific temperature. Change the pH and the enzyme stops working.
Increasing the temperature will cause a permanent change to the shape of the active site. This is why enzymes stop working when they are heated.
Metabolism definition
Chemical reactions in a cell, maintains cells energy release and utilisation