Starvation Big Picture
Case Study
Overall Pathways to be Integrated
Regulated Enzymes in Glycolysis
What is the key hormonally regulated enzyme related to liver glycolysis:
PFK1
PFK2
Hexokinase
Cluockinase
G3PDH
PFK2
Acetyl CoA activates which one of the following pathways?
Glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Fatty Acid Synthesis
Fatty Acid Degradation
Glycogen Synthesis
Gluconeogenesis — acetyl coA activates pyruvate carboxylase which begins gluconeogenesis.
Fatty Acid Synthesis — citrate
Regulated Enzymes of Gluconeogenesis
Regulated Enzymes of TCA
Regulated Enzymes of Glycogen Metabolism
Regulated Enzymes of Fatty Acid Metabolism
Insulin release will activate which pathway in the liver?
Glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Fatty Acid Oxidation
HMP Shunt
Glycolysis— Insulin promotes energy storage to provide precursors for fatty acid biosynthesis.
What Happens to when insulin is released?
Overview
Insulin Release and PFK2, Citrate, Gluckokinase, and Glucose Transport
Insulin Release and cAMP, Glycogen Synthase, Glycogen Phosphorylase
Insulin Release and Acetyl CoA, Citrate, and Perilipin
Insulin Release and Gluconeogenesis, F1,6BP, and PEPCK Levels
Glucagon release will activate which pathway in the liver?
Glycolysis
Fatty Acid Synthesis
Glycogenolysis
HMP Shunt
Glycogen Synthesis
Glycogenolysis
What happens when Glucagon is released
Glucagon Release and Muscle, cAMP, and F2,6BP
Glucagon Release and Adenlyate Cyclase, Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor I, and Glycogen Synthase
Glucagon and Epinephrine Release and FA, Protein Kinase A, Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
Glycogen Degredation
Overview of Glycogen Degredation
Pathways of Fat Metabolism
First 12 hrs of Starvation in Liver and Muscle
12-24 Hours of Stravation Muscle and Liver
Ketone bodies spare muscle protein degradation due to which of the following?
The liver uses ketone bodies for energy
The muscle uses ketone bodies for energ
the nervous system uses ketone bodies for energy
the intestine uses ketone bodies for energy — uses glutamine for energy
the nervous system uses ketone bodies for energy — KB have to be at a certain concentration in blood before brain can take it up (take a day)
Metabolism in the Starved State
Metabolism in the Starved State
Substrate Levels over 8 Days of Fasting
Fuel Sources During Starvation
Sources of Blood Glucose
Starving Liver
Starvation and PFK2, F26BP, Pyruvate Carboxylase, PDH, and CREB
Starvation and KB Formation
Starved Adipocyte
Starved Muscle
Starving Conditions Muscle, Liver, and Lactate