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Flashcards in Micro - Adenovirus Deck (33)
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1
Q

Key characteristic of adenovirus

A

Respiratory, ocular, GI infections

2
Q

Which AdV infection occurs in isolation of the other two?

A
GI infection 
(can have pharyngotracheal infections but GI serotypes don't cause respiratory/ocular sx)
3
Q

AdV is (enveloped, nonenveloped) (RNA+, RNA-, DNA)

A

Nonenveloped DNA

only AdV and rhinovirus aren’t enveloped

4
Q

Seasonality of AdV

A

Winter to spring

like flu and hPIV3

5
Q

Consequence of AdV being nonenveloped?

A

Resistant to detergent, low pH of stomach, alcohol, and can live for long time outside body in water

6
Q

Transmission of AdV

A

Water droplets via inhalation, fecal-oral route, direct inoculation

7
Q

AdV 4-7

A

Linked to ARDS in military recruits; only strains for which there is a vaccine

8
Q

AdV 36-37

A

May cause obesity

9
Q

AdV 40-41

A

Linked to GI infections

10
Q

Eye + nose symptoms =

A

AdV!!!

11
Q

What is unique about recovery from AdV infection?

A

AdV can persist in lymphoid tissues, i.e. tonsils, ADENOids, Peyer’s patches for 6-18 months

12
Q

What kind of tissue damage does AdV cause?

A

Epithelial cell necrosis and inflammation

13
Q

2 virulence factors of AdV

A
  1. Capsid penton protein - attachment protein responsible for toxic effects
  2. Hexon protein - elicits complement-fixing Abs but doesn’t confer immunity, just aids in testing
14
Q

What is significant about penton-specific Abs?

A

Confer immunity for life + can be used diagnostically to determine serotype of AdV

15
Q

Sx of respiratory AdV infx?

A

Fever, cough, sore throat

16
Q

Sx of ocular AdV infx?

A

Sand in eyes + runny nose

17
Q

Sx of GI AdV infx?

A

N/V

Diarrhea

18
Q

How to dx AdV

A
  1. Culture
  2. Penton-specfic Abs = serotype
  3. Complement fixation assay for hexon-specific Abs = whether it’s AdV
  4. Hemagglutinin inhibition assay
19
Q

Why do hemagglutinin inhibition assay for AdV?

A

Some serotypes have penton proteins that can cause RBCs to clump

20
Q

Tx of AdV?

A

Supportive

Live attenuated vaccin of AdV 4-7 to prevent ARD in military recruits only

21
Q

Who does AdV most commonly infect?

A

Young children

22
Q

Where does AdV replication occur?

A

Nucleus, initially at site of infx (pharynx, conjunctivae, intestine)
(same as influenza)

23
Q

What defines an AdV serotype?

A

Type of penton protein

24
Q

Where would one contract AdV that causes conjunctivitis?

A

Inadequately chlorinated swimming pool

25
Q

Who gets GI infection from AdV?

A

Kids

26
Q

Where would one contract AdV that causes epidemic keratoconjunctivitis?

A

Contaminated eye drops

27
Q

Who is at greatest risk for respiratory illness caused by AdV?

A

Children < 3 yo

28
Q

Sore throat + inflamed eye =

A

Pharyngoconjunctival fever

29
Q

AdV is second most common cause of:

A

GI tract infx in kids, behind rotavirus

30
Q

Characteristic of AdV in culture?

A

Severe cytopathic effects on cells within 2-5 days

31
Q

Why is it difficult to determine AdV as cause of infection?

A

It can persist for months, so detection of AdV doesn’t necessarily mean it’s the cause of current infection

32
Q

What is required to etermine AdV as cause of infection?

A

Comparison of acute vs. convalescent serum with titer 4x higher in convalescent serum

33
Q

How is AdV vaccine formulated?

A

Enveloped so it’s released slowly from GI tract to cause subclinical infection so immunity is built