MICRO BACKUP 8/10 340PM Flashcards

Question

3 Media for Corynebacterium diptheriae... which two are diff...what reagent...color... which one is enrichment...enhances these 2

Answer 1

Corynebacterium diptheriae media *tellurite inhibits NF, C.diph reduce it making it gray-black Cysteine-tellurite blood agar -diff w/tellurite, black Tindale agar: -diff w/tellurite, gray to black, brown halo Loeffler -enrichment for metachromatic granules and pleomorphism

Answer 2

Thiosulfate citrate bile salts(TCBS) -diff with sucrose (cholerae is yellow) Alkaline peptone water(APW) -enrichment

Answer 3

Bordetella pertusis Regan Lowe: -charcoal agar enriched w/blooed etc Bordet-Gengou: -potato glycerol enriched w/blood -cough plate, mercury droplets colonies

Answer 4

CIN: YerSINia, bulls eye colorless halo *Aero,Plesi, shigelloides BCYE: -buffered charcoal yeast extract -yeast/cysteine enhance Legionella -charcoal absorbs toxic stuff HBT Tween: G.vaginalis -human blood bilayer -selects for G.vag -diff w/hemolysis

Answer 5

BCLEN -Bacillus -Corynebacterium -Listeria monocytogenes -Erysipelothrix (test tube brush,occupational) -Nocardia Rhodococcus equi: coccus to rod 24hrs

Answer 6

Anthracis spore forming, bamboo pole string of pearls, Medusa head nonmotile cerus: -food poisoning

Answer 7

Gram positve rod, nonmotile -chinese letters,picket fence -pallisade, club shaped -BabeErnst, metachromatic granules diff with L.mono: C.diph is nonmotile/salicin neg C.diph has toxin, detected with Elek test NF diphtheroid: pseudodipheriticum Hospital acquired: jeikeium

Answer 8

Listeria mono tumbling motility 25C, cold for months food poisoning, meningitis newborns catalase/salicin/motility pos *looks like GrpB Strep -but is catalase pos

Answer 9

Listeria is motile and salicin pos Corynebacterium is nonmotile and salicin neg

Answer 10

Nocardia skin=brasil lung=asteroides

Answer 11

Bordetella preferss Regan Lowe, -will grow on Bordet-gengou bronchiseptica is urease/oxidase pos

Answer 12

4 GNR fastidious ass with animals -cat scratch, trench: Bartonella -cat/dog, musty, bipolar: Pasteurella mul -goat/cow, undulant fever: Brucella -rabbit, tularemia: Franciella

Answer 13

GNR fastidious ass with goat/cow, undulant fever...Brucella -needs CO2, inhibited by thionin: arbortus -not on fuchin: suis -doens't make H2S: melitensis

Answer 14

-Pontiac fever, AC, BCYE: Legionella -Best on regan lowe: Bordetella -whooping cough: pertusis -urease/oxidase pos:bronchisepta

Answer 15

BCYE -needs cysteine Feeley Gorman iron cysteine, brown

Answer 16

Campy: gull winged Heli 85% N, 10% CO2, 5% O

Answer 17

3 GNR fastidious, faculative, GI Vibrio chloreae -rice water stools, TCBS, string test pos(0.5% Na deoxycholate) Aeromonas -aquatic, doesn't grow TCBS Pleisiomonas -now enterobacteria, doesn't grow on TCBS

Answer 18

GNR fastidious, slender, curved microaerophillic... Campy jejuni -seagulls, 42C, darting corkskrew motility, most common cause of bacterial diarrhea: Heli pylori -doesn't like 42C, stomach/peptic ulcer, urea breath test -Skirrow agar

Answer 19

Haemophilus: GNCB, pleomorphic chocolate, fastidious, filamentous needs X and/or V, satellitism -staph supplies V(NAD), hemoylysis releases X(hemin from agar) influenze: -upper resp/nasopharyn swab, capsule, needs X,V aegypticus: -pink eye, needs V parainflu,hae,parahae: -NF needs mostly V ducreyi: -Not NF, STD/chancroid, school of fish, needs X

Answer 20

Haemophilus, Aggre/actino, Cardio, Eikinella, Kingella

Answer 21

3 main GNR nonfermenters Pseudomonas aeruginosa: -oxidase pos, swimmers ear, grape Acine-tobacter -NF skin Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: -cystic fibrosis/immunocomp, ammonia other nonfermenting... Burk, Elizabeth,Morax, Alcali

Answer 22

OF oxidation fermentation -need oxygen, low peptone media -bromthymol blue indicator -2 tubes: one open, one covered w/oil

Answer 23

Rikettsae 5 GN intracellular, bacterial like wall, arthropod vectors Rikettsia: -grows in egg yolk sacs, ticks, typhus pox Ehrlicha/Anaplasma: -2 with morulae in WBC, ticks Orienta: -scrub/bush typhus, mites

Answer 24

gram negative oxidase neg ferment glucose reduce nitrate

Answer 25

Indole, Methyl red, VP all are red/pink pos Citrate is blue

Answer 26

PEE ++-- -Proteus, E.Coli, Edwardsella KES --++ -Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia

Answer 27

Decarboxy: LAO (lysine, arginine, orthinine) 4 tubes (one for each, ctrl)

Answer 28

PD(deaminase)+ urease=PPM -Proteus -Providencia -Morganella

Answer 29

Urea PUNCH proteus ureaplasma nocardia Cryto neo Heli

Answer 30

initial red, zinc clear is pos

Answer 31

slow LF detects beta galactosidase citrobacter

Answer 32

clearing around colony 0.1N HCl m.catt, serretia

Answer 33

O=sOmatic, both salmonella, shigella H=flah-gella, only salmonella is motile K=Kapsule, S.typhi

Answer 34

-bile, blood, BM, BF -aspirates -tissue,wound unacceptable: -swabs -sputum, washings,gastric -voided, catheterized urine -feces

Answer 35

80-90 N 5-10 CO2 5 H No oxygen!!!

Answer 36

Anaerobic GPC: peptococcus GNC: Veilonella (red fluoresence)

Answer 37

Anaerobic GPR CLAP -Clostridium(spores) -Lacto(vagina pH) -Actinomyces israelli(lumpy jaw) -Propionibacterium(acne,NF)

Answer 38

2 Clostridium that have oval subterminal spores... -botulinum -difficile 1 has tennis racket terminal spores.. -tetani 1 has round terminal spores... -ramosum

Answer 39

-Bacteriodes fragilis (resistant to penicillan) -Fuso -Prevo, Porphy

Answer 40

Myco-bacteria

Answer 41

35C 5-10CO2 NALC: liquify NaOH: digest/decontaminate

Answer 42

-Borrelia *burgdorferi: most common, ixodes tick, lyme/bulls eye/erythema chronicum migran *recurrentis: relapsing fever -Treponema pallidum: syphillis, darkfield/silver -Leptospira interrogans: Weils, zoonotic/urine -Fletchers medium

Answer 43

Mycobacteria 2 media: -Middlebrook 7H11: clear -M=mycobacterium, Middlebrook, microscopically -Lowenstein Jensen: green *read uncovered, if growth then read uncovered 3 stains: -Kinyoun: cold -Ziehl Neelsoen: hot both carbol fuschin, acid alcohol, MB -Fluorochrome: more sensitive *auramine rhodamine, acid alcohol, potassium permaganate, acridine orange

Answer 44

M.tb niacin/nitrate pos M.bovis neg

Answer 45

tissue fluid macrophages w/acid fast bacilli Hansens disease

Answer 46

Tween 80 M.kansasii neg=amber pos=pink aryl-sulf-atase test

Answer 47

Chamydia trachomatis

Answer 48

Mycoplasma: fried egg, walking/atypical pneumonia Ureaplasma:

Answer 49

Loeffler: C.diph -granules, pleomorphism Lowenstein Jensen: mycobacteria Regan Lowe: B.pertusus

Answer 50

-3 specimens w/in 10 days, every other day -liquid 30min -soft 1hr -formed 24hrs

Answer 51

Parasite stains: -Trichorme: nuclear red/purple blue back -Wrights/Giesma -Acid fast: spores -Iron Hematoxylin: microfilarial sheath -saline: motility -Iodine: nuclear

Answer 52

Preservation: -2 for cysts,eggs, larvae: -fridge, formalin, MIF -2 for trophs: -PVA, SAF -1 for trophs, cysts for fresh stool: -Schaudinns

Answer 53

ethylacetate: removes fat/oil but fat/debris stay in separate layer formalin: preserves sediment=parasites

Answer 54

Concentration: FES: ingredients, what 4 layers -Formalin: preserves -Ethyl acetate: removes oil/fat -S: sedimentation (parasites) Zinc sulfate flotation: sg -sg 1.18, parasites float to top -miss operculated large

Answer 55

Ameba, Flagellates, Ciliates, Sporozoa

Answer 56

vaginalis: 1/2, sexual hominis: full, feces

Answer 57

Both Tse Tse fly, trypomastigote blood Gambiense: -West african sleeping sickness Rhodesiense -East african sleeping sickness

Answer 58

T.cruzi: -vector: reduvid bug -can be transmitted by...blood transfusion -disease called...Chagas -amastigote in...heart -trypomastigote in...blood

Answer 59

Leismania -Kala Azar...dovani -Old...tropic -New...braziliensis

Answer 60

Plasmodium, Babesia Crytosporidium, Cyclospora, Isospora Toxoplasma

Answer 61

vivax: duffy neg resistance ovale

Answer 62

falciparum

Answer 63

Babesia microti

Answer 64

Enterobius: Pinworm Trichuris: whipworm Strongyloides: threadworm Nectar/ancyclo: hookworms Ascaris: large intestine roundworm

Answer 65

Microfilaria: Which 2 spread by mosquito, elephantitis, blood: Wucheria, Brugia Which 2 spread by fly: loa loa, onchocerca -loa loa: calabar swelling,eye -onchocerca: blindness, nodule

Answer 66

Sheath, nuclei: 3 have sheaths: -1 doesn't have in tip: wucheria -1 has 2: Brugia -1 goes to tip: Loa loa 1 doesn't have sheath or nuclei: onchocerca

Answer 67

2 tissue nematodes: -one with sushi, granuloma: Aniskasis -one with pigs, encysted larve, muscle biopsy Trichinella spiralis

Answer 68

Trematodes: 3 intestinal/liver: -clonorchis: chinese liver -Fascioloa hepatica: sheep liver -F.buski: giant GI 1 blood/bladder: -Shistosoma 1 lung: Paragonimus westmanii

Answer 69

Chinese Liver fluke...Clonorchis Chinese vase/Lung fluke: Paragonimus Giant intesting fluke: F.buski Sheep liver fluke: Fasciola hepatica

Answer 70

Blood fluke, Shistosomes spines and location in veins... -Sml, lateral, intestine veins: japonicum -lrg, lateral, intestine veins: mansoni -lrg terminal, bladder veins: haematobium

Answer 71

Tania Hymenolepsis D.latum (only operculated) Echinococcus D.caninum

Answer 72

Names of diseases: Strongyloides: -larva currens Borellia burgdoferi/Lyme; -erythema chronicum migrans Ancyclostoma braziliense -cutaneous larva migrans/creeping eruption: toxocara canis/cat: -visceral larva migrans

Answer 73

B,anthracis

Answer 74

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Answer 75

Plasm anopheles mosquito Babesia deer tick

Answer 76

Flea, beetle

Answer 77

Eikenella corrodens is a member of the usual flora of the oral and bowel cavities. It usually occurs in mixed infections as a result of trauma, especially human bites or “clenched fist wounds”. E. corrodens is also seen in persons with poor oral hygiene, causing adult periodontitis and meningitis.

Answer 78

Cryptosporidium sp The classic ova and parasite diagnostic method is accurate, but technically demanding and time consuming. Due to the high likelihood of Giardia or Cryptosporidium as the causative parasite, numbers DFA, EIA and ICT assays are available for screening tests.

Answer 79

Particle agglutination Streptococcal grouping tests use a form of particle agglutination in which antibodies are bound to the surface of latex beads which bind to the antigen present in a sample to produce a visible clump.

Answer 80

Some helminth eggs such as operculated eggs and/or very dense eggs such as unfertilized Ascaris eggs do not concentrate well with the flotation method. Their density causes them to sink instead of float.

Answer 81

Proteus mirabilis is a commensal species in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. It is widely disseminated in the environment and recognized as an opportunistic pathogen. Proteus vulgaris is indole positive and ornithine negative. Proteus penneri is ornithine negative. Morganella morganii is indole positive and H2S negative on TSIA.

Answer 82

Haemophilus spp. need the X and V factors required for fastidious organisms.

Answer 83

Opportunistic pathogen is defined as an organism that does not usually cause disease in a person with an intact immune system, but that can cause disease when the host’s immune system has been compromised by disease or other condition that has damaged or changed the immune status of the host. Community acquired infection -less than 48hrs since being in healthcare Nosocomial infection -while receiving healthcare, 48hours after admission

Answer 84

Staphylococcus saprophyticus has been associated with UTI’s in young sexually active females. This species adheres more effectively to the epithelial cells lining the urogenital tract than other coagulase-negative staphylococci.

Answer 85

Fecal sample The parasites are residing in the intestinal tract. Stool specimens for ova and parasite studies must be preserved or fixed immediately.

Answer 86

Prokaryotes: Bacterial cells are prokaryotes and are less complex in structure than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes, from the Greek “before nucleus”. They lack all membrane-bound organelles. -DNA is in a single chromosome in a nucleoid region -peptidoglycan cell wall Eukaryotes: -true nucleus -animal, plant, fungal,parasites -membrane bound nucleus, organelles, cytoskeleton, larger ribosomes -have mitrochondria

Answer 87

Genes may be present but not expressed; presence of the gene may not reflect resistance There is concern about using molecular methods to confirm resistance because of the ability of some bacteria to contain specific resistance genes that may not be expressed. The clinical significance of the presence of the resistance genes in these bacteria is questionable.

Answer 88

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a sexually transmitted, oxidase positive, gram negative diplococci that can cause urethral discharge in males and females. *no cotton and no calcium alginate swabs, inhibit

Answer 89

The thick smear is used to screen a larger volume of blood; the thin smear is used to identify the parasite because the parasites are not as distorted as with the thick smear.

Answer 90

Disinfection: Disinfection is the process of destroying pathogenic organisms, but not necessarily all microorganisms or bacterial spores (endospores). Physical (moist or dry heat) or chemical (e.g., bleach, phenol, alcohols, aldehydes) means may be used in the process of destroying pathogenic organisms. Antisepsis: decreased number of microbes present on skin. -iodine,alchol,chlorhexidine Sterilization: killing/destruction of ALL microbes including spores. -heat, filtration, oxidation -dry heat: 171C 1hr -wet heat/autoclave: steam under pressure 121C 15lb,15min -filtration: heat sensitive media

Answer 91

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive cocci in clusters that generally yields a cream-yellow beta-hemolytic colony that is catalase and coagulase positive. Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis are gram positive cocci that are catalase negative. Staphylococcus epidermidis is coagulase negative.

Answer 92

Acid fast organisms (containing mycolic acid) resist decolorization by acid alcohol destaining and appear the color of the primary stain.

Answer 93

Stool, urine, blood, sputum, tissue biopsies Specimens for parasite identification come primarily from the intestinal tract, urogenital tract, or prostatic secretions. Specimens can also come from sputum, CSF, or biopsy material from tissues. Malarial parasites can be seen in blood. Any identification process first depends on correct specimen (stool, urine, blood, sputum, tissue biopsies) collection and adequate fixation.

Answer 94

Gram positive bacilli, gram negative bacilli, gram positive cocci, and gram negative cocci Tetrads, diplococci, clusters, and chains are descriptions of cellular arrangements not basic shapes. Variable indicates an indistinct staining reaction.

Answer 95

Ova and parasite examination Concentration procedures allow the visualization of small numbers of parasitic organisms that may be missed if only a direct mount is observed. Various concentration procedures are used, most often sedimentation or floatation techniques.

Answer 96

The phylum Arthropoda includes insects, spiders, mites, and ticks. Members of this phylum are a subgroup of parasites and are invertebrates.

Answer 97

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infections among hospitalized patients.

Answer 98

Diagnosis of Lyme disease depends on finding antibodies in the serum or spinal fluid. The etiologic agent is the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi.

Answer 99

The organism is likely Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas is commonly found in fresh water. P. aeruginosa produce a grape like odor, are oxidase-positive and indole negative.

Answer 100

0% oxygen Obligate anaerobes must be grown in an atmosphere either devoid of oxygen or with significantly reduced oxygen content.

Answer 101

Hemin (X) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (V) factors Chocolate agar contains lysed red cells which release hemoglobin, hemin (X) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (V) factors.

Answer 102

Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis in children. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Lactobacillus spp., Propionibacterium acnes and alpha-hemolytic streptococci in small numbers are normal flora of the conjunctival sac. Herpes simplex and Varicella zoster are viral infections.

Answer 103

Incubators Most pathogens: 35C host temp, 3-5% CO2, humidified -Can use candle jar for CO2, only white unsented candles Fungi: 30C Campylobacter: 42C

Answer 104

Culturing specimens/processing/planting/rejection... Blood: -sterile collection in nutrient broth media b4 fever -70% alcohol, iodine, alcohol rinse -1:10 dilution blood to broth -10ml adults, 5ml kids -can use ARD for antibiotic removal Respiratory: -sputum 1st morning, deep coughing, avoid saliva -contamination if gram stained shows >10 eips/lpf -upper respiratory swab for throat culture group A beta strep and culture blood media Wound/abcess: -Eswab: 48 hours, refrigerated or ambient -Sterile cup: 24 hours refrigerated Tissue: -Tissue not in formalin -Sterile screw capped vial, anaerobic culture transport, bacterial culture transport swab with media, or sterile cup -RT CSF: -sterile tubes -centrifuged if >1ml, 5/10ml best

Answer 105

Macroscopic/Colony morph Staph aureus -med to lrge, creamy, beta CNS -sml-med, no pigment, gamma Group A,B,C,F,G beta strep -mostly small gray white, beta Strep pneumo -sml, glistening, mucoid, convex, alpha Viridans strep -pinpoint, alpha Enterococcus -small, gamma