Flashcards in Micro - Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites Deck (81):
1
lipoteichoic acid =
gram +, induces TNF and IL-1
2
Exception to polysaccharide capsule
B. anthracis = D-glutamate polypeptide
3
dipiclonic acid
heat stability of spores
4
LOS (not LPS)
Nisseria
Campylobacter
Bordatella
H. flu
5
SHiN
Encapsulated - vaccines
IgA protease
transformation (can uptake naked DNA)
6
Urease +
Proteus
Crypto
H. pylori
Ureaplasma
Nocardia
Klebsiella
S. epidermidis
S. saprophiticus
7
Catalase +
Nocardia
Pseudomonas
Listeria
Aspergillus
Candida
E. coli
Serratia
staph (all)
H. pylori
8
M protein
GAS, prevents phagocytosis, similar to human cellular protein (mimickry)
9
Inactivate EF-2
c. diptheriae
p aeruginosa
10
Remove adenine from rRNA inhibiting 60s
Shigella
EHEC
*shiga (like) toxin induces cytokine release which is what causes HUS
11
toxin increases GC (and cGMP)
ST of ETEC = decreased NaCL resorption
12
Bacteria that increase cAMP + mechanism
Overactivate AC via:
ETEC LT - ?
cholera = activate Gs
Bordatella = inhibit Gi
B. anthracis = mimics AC
13
Bacteria with toxins encoded in lysogenic phage (specialized transduction)
Shiga-like (EHEC)
Botulinum
Cholera
Diptheria
Erythrogenic strep pyo
14
PYR +
S. pyo
E. fecalis (enterococci)
15
Superantigens: MOA and examples
TSST-1 (s. aureus)
Exotoxin A (s. pyo)
Binds APC MHC-II to TCR of Th cell --> polyclonal T-cell activation
16
Ferments mannitol
S. aureus
17
s. pneumo vs. H flu MC infections
s. pneumo = MOPS (sinusitis)
H. flu = EMOP (epiglottitis)
18
rusty sputum
s. pneumo
19
scarlet fever features
phage-encoded (erythrogenic toxin)
sandpaper rash
post sore throat
strawberry tongue
circumoral pallor
subsequent desquamation
20
s. agalactiae
CAMP factor - enlarges s. aureus zone of hemolysis
Hippurate test +
21
acute endocarditis: causes
normal valve = s. aureus
IVFA = s. aureus or candida
Damaged valve = s. viridans
post GI/GU procedure = gp D enterococci (E. fecalis/E. Fecium]
With colon cancer = strep bovis
22
diptheria s/s
pseudomembrane
arrhythmias
myocarditis
LAD
23
metachromatic (blue and red) granules with + Elek test
c. diptheria
24
c. perfringens toxin
toxin a = lecithinase
double-zone hemolysis
25
flu like --> fever, pulmonary hemmorhage, mediastinitis, shock
pulmonary anthrax (wool-sorters)
26
Only gram + with endotoxin
listeria
27
Nocardia vs actinomyces rx
nocardia = sulfonamides (cutaneous or pulmonary)
actinomyces = penicillin (draining sinuses)
28
negative PPD with what:
anergy (steroids, AIDS, malnutrition)
sarcoidosis
29
MAC prophylaxis
azithromycin, when CD4
30
TB virulence factors
1) Cord factor: prevents macrophage maturation and induces TNF-a release
2) Sulfatides: surface, inhibit P-L fusion
31
fast lactose fermenters
e. coli
klebsiella
enterobacter
32
slow lactose fermenters
serratia
citrobacter
33
non-lactose fermenters
oxidase + = pseudomonas
oxidase - = salmonella + proteus (H2S); + shigella + yersinia
34
EBM growth:
purple/black = lactose fermenter
blue/green sheen = e. coli
35
nisseria gonorrhea in cells:
PMNs
36
Pontiac fever
mild legionella - flu-like
37
EPEC
pediatric watery diarrhea - flattened villi, NO toxin
38
e. coli that does not ferment sorbitor
EHEC
39
STI with donovan bodies
Klebsiella granulomatosis
40
E. coli K1 capsule causes:
neonatal meningitis
41
S. typhi vs shigella
S. typhi - hematogenous, monocytes, watery diarrhea
shigella - cell-to-cell, PMN, bloody diarrhea
42
pseudoappendicitis from puppies, pork, or contaminated milk
yersinia
43
Random congenital syphilis stuff
Rhagades (mouth angle scars)
CN VIII deafness
short maxilla
44
coxiella burnetti
Q fever
animal amniotic fluid
spores
obligate IC
MC = pneumonia
also MCC of culture - endocarditis
45
chlamydia rx
azithromycin or doxycyclin
46
mycology granuloma
blastomycoses - broad-based
47
earthquakes
coccidio; spherule with endospores
48
spaghetti and meatballs
malassezia
degrade lipids which makes acid which destroys melanocytes
49
tenia unginum
nails
50
cells preventing candida
Th prevent superficial infection
PMN prevent dissemination
51
type of aspergillus and condition:
invasive = CGD, AIDS
allergic = CF, asthma
Aspergilloma = TB
52
latex agglutination test
crypotcoccus
53
PCP prophylaxis and rx
Prophylaxis
54
Protozoa GI:
- giardia
- entameba histolytica
- cryptosporisium
- giardia - camping, watery
- entameba histolytica - bloody, anchovy paste liver, flask-shaped GIT ulcers
- cryptosporisium - AIDS (give nitazoxanide); acid fast oocysts, watery
55
babesiosis
ixodes tick
fever and hemolytic anemia
maltese cross in RBCs
56
Nematodes (roundworms) in GIT
- rx = bendazole
- Enterobius vermicularis
- Ascaries lumbricoides - iliocecal obstruction
- strongyloides stercoralis - soil to skin, PUD-like intestinal infection
- ancylostoma duodenale/necator americanus = hookworm, anemia
- Trichinella spiralis - pork, striated muscle cysts, N/V, PERIORBITAL EDEMA, MYALGIA
57
Nematodes in TISSUE
- oncocerca volvulis - blackfly, river blindness, hyperpigmented skin, allergy; ivermectin
- loa loa - deer/horse/mango fly, conjunctive, DEC
- wucheria - female mosquitoes, eleph. in 1yr., DEC
- toxocara canis - visceral larva migrans
58
Nematode routes:
EATT - ingest
SANd - feet
LOW - bite
59
Cestodes (tapeworms)
rx = praziquantel and/or albendazole
- taenia solium - cysts in pork = intestinal; eggs = neurocysercircosis
- diphyllibothrium - raw fish, B12
- ecchinococcus granulosis - eggs in dog feces from them eating sheep; hydatid liver cyst
60
Trematodes (flukes)
- rx = praziquantel
shistosoma
- s. hematobium = urinary - SCC bladder and pulmonary HTN
- s. mansoni = liver
- s. japonicium = liver
Clonorchis sinensis
- raw fish, biliary tract inflammation = brown pigment stones; cholangiocarcinoma
61
Rx of C. diff
Metro (mild-mod.) - high systemic abs
Vanco (severe) - static, low systemic abs
Fidaxomycin (recurrent) - cidal, low systemic abs
62
what does strep viridans bind to on valves?
fibrin-platelet aggregates (damaged valves)
63
s. pneumo and bile
bile soluble .: clears turbidity of s. pneumo growth (clearing of turbidity)
64
Function of Vi salmonella
capsule, prevents phagocytosis
65
Motile bugs
Salmonella
pseudomonas
Trichomonas
66
Intraabdominal infections MC bugs
B. Fragilis
E. coli
67
M protein
Virulence factor of strep pyo
- prevents phagocytosis
- cytotoxic to PMNS
- mediated bacterial attachment
- molecular mimicry
68
C. perfringes food poisoning via
reheated meat
69
Yersinia enterolytica
daycares, pseudoappendicitis
70
MCC pneumonia kids 4weeks-18yrs
RSV!
Then mycoplasma, C. trachomatic, C. pneumoniae, S. pneumo
71
MCC pneumonia adults 18-40
MYCOPLASMA
c. pneumoniae
s. pneumonia
72
MCC pneumonia adults 40-65
S. PNEUMO
H. flu
Anaerobes, viruses, mycoplasma
73
MCC eldery
S. PNEUMO
influenza
anaerobes, h. flu, gram - rods
74
Rx listeria
ampicillin
75
Osteomyelitis in IVDA
pseudomonas, s. aureus, candida
76
congenital toxo triad
chorioretinitis
intracerebral calcifications
hydrocephalus
77
Congenital rubella triad:
PDA (or pulmonary A. hypoplasia)
Cataracts
Deafness
78
Congenital CMV
deafness
seizures
petechial rash
79
Congenital HIV
recurrent infections and diarrhea
80
HSV-2
encephalitis
herpetic lesions
81