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micro Drill sheet part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Periods of rapid growth

A

􏰀 Birth - 2months
􏰀 4 - 7 years
􏰀 Puberty
Pregnancy
healing
cancer

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2
Q

Only immune deficiency with Low Calcium

A

DiGeorge’s Syndrome

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3
Q

Bugs with IgA Protease

A

􏰀 S. Pneumonia
􏰀 H. Influenza
􏰀 Neisseria (are resistant
to IgA)

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4
Q

Secretions of Mast Cells

A

􏰀 Histamine
􏰀 Slow Reacting Substance
of Anaphylaxis
􏰀 Eosinophil Chemotactic
Factor of Anaphylaxis

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5
Q

Secretions of Eosinophil

A

􏰀 Histaminase
􏰀 Arylsulfatase
􏰀 Heparin

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6
Q

Actions of E. coli

A

􏰀 Secrete Vitamin K
􏰀 Secrete Biotin
􏰀 Secrete Folate
􏰀 Secrete Pantothenic acid
􏰀 Aid in absorption of B12

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7
Q

Heart Block

A

􏰀 Increased body temperature with a normal heart rate.
􏰀 HR should increase by 10bpm per 1 degree increase in temperature

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8
Q

Macrophages

A

Release MHC II

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9
Q

TH1 Secrete

A

􏰀 IL-2
􏰀 IF-􏱼

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10
Q

TH2 Secrete

A

􏰀 IL-4
􏰀 IL-5
􏰀 IL-6
􏰀 IL-10

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11
Q

T-Cytotoxic Cells

A

􏰀 CD-8 positive
􏰀 CD-4 negative
􏰀 Recognize MHC I
􏰀 Also have markers
CD-2 and CD-3

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12
Q

T-Helper Cells

A

􏰀 CD-4 positive
􏰀 CD-8 negative
􏰀 Recognize MHC II
􏰀 Also have marker CD-2
and CD-3

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13
Q

Elevated Cholesterol

A

􏰀 Xanthomas on extensor surfaces
􏰀 ^ Risk for CAD

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14
Q

Elevated Triglycerides

A

􏰀 Xanthelasmas on eyelids and face
􏰀 ^ risk of Pancreatitis

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15
Q

4 Causes of Severe
Abdominal Pain

A

􏰀 Pancreatitis (EtOH)
􏰀 Kidney Stones (bloody urine)
􏰀 AAA (ripping, tearing pain)
􏰀 Ischemic Bowel (bloody diarrhea)

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16
Q

5 Causes of SIADH
(SIADH)

A

􏰀 Small Cell Carcinoma
􏰀 ^ intracranial pressure
􏰀 A Pain
􏰀 Drugs
􏰀 Hypoxia

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17
Q

Neural Crest Cells
(POT CLAMPSS)

A

􏰀 Parafollicular cells
􏰀 Odontoblast
􏰀 Tracheal cartilage
􏰀 Chromaffin cells
􏰀 Laryngeal cartilage
􏰀 All Ganglion cells
􏰀 Melanocytes
􏰀 Pseudounipolar cells
􏰀 Spiral membrane
􏰀 Schwann cells

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18
Q

Ions and the EKG

A

􏰀 P-wave = Ca++
􏰀 QRS complex = Na+
􏰀 S-T Interval = Ca++
􏰀 T-wave = K+
􏰀 U-wave = Na+

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19
Q

Maximum Sinus Rate

A

220 - age in years

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20
Q

Tri-Nucleotide Repeats

A

Huntington’s
Fragile X
􏰀 Myotonic dystrophy
􏰀 Spinal/bulbar muscular
atrophy (rare)

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21
Q

Low volume states with acidosis (not alkalosis)

A

􏰀 RTA
􏰀 Diarrhea

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22
Q

MCC Croup & Bronchiolitis

A

􏰀 Parainfluenza
􏰀 RSV (ER this is #1)
􏰀 Adenovirus
􏰀 Influenza

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23
Q

4 D’s of Pellagra

A

􏰀 Dermatitis
􏰀 Diarrhea
􏰀 Dementia
􏰀 Death

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24
Q

Types of Kidney Stones

A

􏰀 Calcium oxalate
􏱷 80%
􏰀 Struvite
􏰀 Uric Acid
􏰀 Cysteine
􏰀 Oxalate

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25
Types of Kidney Stones
􏰀 Calcium oxalate 􏱷 80% 􏰀 Struvite 􏰀 Uric Acid 􏰀 Cysteine 􏰀 Oxalate
26
Pseudogout
􏰀 Ca++ pyrophosphate 􏰀 Birefringent crystals 􏰀 Rhomboid crystals 􏰀 MC older patients 􏰀 Seen equally in both genders 􏰀 TX = Colchicine
27
Pseudogout
􏰀 Ca++ pyrophosphate 􏰀 Birefringent crystals 􏰀 Rhomboid crystals 􏰀 MC older patients 􏰀 Seen equally in both genders 􏰀 TX = Colchicine
28
MC Non-cyanotic Congenital Heart Dz
􏰀 VSD 􏰀 ASD 􏰀 PDA 􏰀 Coarctation of aorta
29
Enzymes NEVER seen in Glycolysis
􏰀 Pyruvate carboxylase 􏰀 PEP carboxykinase 􏰀 Fructose-1,6-phosphatase 􏰀 Glucose-6-phosphatase
30
Enzymes NEVER seen in Glycolysis
􏰀 Pyruvate carboxylase 􏰀 PEP carboxykinase 􏰀 Fructose-1,6-phosphatase 􏰀 Glucose-6-phosphatase
31
Enzymes ONLY seen in Glycolysis
􏰀 Hexokinase 􏰀 Phosphofructokinase-1 􏰀 Pyruvate kinase
32
Acid Fast Organisms
􏰀 Mycoplasma 􏰀 Nocardia (partially gr+) 􏰀 Cryptosporidium (Partially protozoa)
33
Causes of Microsteatosis
􏰀 Acetaminophen 􏰀 Reye Syndrome 􏰀 Pregnancy
34
Causes of Macrosteatosis
􏰀 Alcohol
35
Bacteria with Elastase
􏰀 Staph. aureus 􏰀 Pseudomonas
36
Bacteria with toxins that inhibit EF-2
􏰀 Pseudomonas 􏰀 Diphtheria
37
Phage Mediated Toxins (Oh BED)
􏰀 "O" antigen (Salmonella) 􏰀 Botulinum 􏰀 Erythrogenic toxin 􏰀 Diphtheria
38
Segmented Viruses (I sprayed ORTHO on BUNYA at the ARENA down in REO to kill SEGMENTED viruses)
􏰀 Orthovirdiae 􏰀 Bunyavirdiae 􏰀 Arenavirdiae 􏰀 Reovirdiae
39
Functions of Adhesion Molecules
􏰀 Lymphocyte homing 􏰀 Inflammation 􏰀 Cell-cell interaction
40
Functions of Adhesion Molecules
􏰀 Lymphocyte homing 􏰀 Inflammation 􏰀 Cell-cell interaction
41
Esophageal/Gastric CA Risk Factors
􏰀 Smoking 􏰀 Alcohol 􏰀 Nitrates 􏰀 Japanese
42
Bladder CA Risk Factors
􏰀 Smoking 􏰀 Aniline dyes 􏰀 Benzene 􏰀 Aflatoxin 􏰀 Cyclophosphamide Schistosomiasis 􏰀 Von Hippel-Lindau 􏰀 Tuberous Sclerosis
43
Structures with No Known Function
􏰀 Epithalamus 􏰀 Palmaris longus 􏰀 Pancreatic Polypeptide
44
Progressing to RPGN
􏰀 Goodpasture's (#1) 􏰀 Diabetes Mellitus 􏰀 Hypertension 􏰀 Wegener's
45
Causes of Papillary Necrosis
􏰀 Vasculitis 􏰀 AIDS
46
Gram Positive Spore Formers
􏰀 Bacillus anthracis 􏰀 Clostridium perfrigens 􏰀 Clostridium tetani
47
Used for Cold Agglutinin Testing
􏰀 Strep. salivarius
48
Drugs that Cause Disulfram Reaction (CLAM)
􏰀 Chlorpropamide 􏰀 Lactams 􏰀 Antabuse 􏰀 Metronidazole sulfa
49
3 Toxins of Bacillus
􏰀 Lethal factor 􏰀 Protective factor 􏰀 Edema factor
50
Beta Blockers
􏰀 beta 1 Selective: A-M (except C & L) 􏰀 Nonselective: N-Z, C, L
51
Fanconi Syndrome
􏰀 Defect in proximal tubule 􏰀 Can't reabsorb 􏰀 Low energy state 􏰀 Can be caused by old tetracycline
52
Glutaminase
􏰀 In collecting duct 􏰀 Absorbs ammonia in the liver Cause of hepato-renal syndrome
53
3 Anatomical Narrowings of Ureter
􏰀 Hilum 􏰀 Pelvic Brim 􏰀 Entrance of bladder
54
Odd MCC of Death
SLE, endometrial and cervical cancer 􏱷 renal failure
55
Methotrexate Uses
􏰀 DX Fragile X 􏰀 TX Molar Pregnancy 􏰀 TX Fast growing CA 􏰀 TX Steroid resistant disease
56
Group D Streptococcus
􏰀 Viridans 􏱷 green pigment, SBE 􏰀 Mutans 􏱷 Cavities 􏰀 Sanguis 􏰀 Salivaris 􏰀 Bovis
57
Nephritic Syndrome
􏰀 Hypertension 􏰀 Hematuria 􏰀 RBC casts
58
Nephrotic Syndrome
􏰀 Edema 􏰀 Hyperlipidemia 􏰀 Hypercholesterolemia 􏰀 Hypercoagulability 􏰀 ^ serum albumin 􏰀 ^urine albumin
59
MCC of Airway Infection (Sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis, pneumonia)
#1 􏱷 S. pneumonia #2 􏱷 H. influenza #3 􏱷 N. meningitides
60
Gastroenteritis within 8 hours of eating (Pre-formed toxin)
􏰀 S. aureus (potato salads) 􏰀 C. perfringens (holidayturkey/ham) 􏰀 B. cereus (fried rice)
61
Citrobacter
Cause of multiple cerebral abscesses in newborns
62
MCC of UTI
#1 E. coli #2 Proteus #3 Klebsiella
63
Most Frequent in Females 5-10 yrs and 18-24 yrs
S. saprophyticus b/c they stick things inside themselves
64
S. aureus
􏰀 MCC of osteomyelitis 􏰀 MCC of infection in burn patients
65
MCC of Newborn Meningitis
􏰀 Group B Strep 􏰀 E. coli 􏰀 Listeria
66
Bacteria Associated with Colon Cancer
􏰀 C. melanogosepticus 􏰀 S. bovis
67
Gram 􏱷 that are strict anaerobes
􏰀 H. flu 􏰀 Neisseria
68
Pre-renal Failure
􏰀 Serum BUN > 20 􏰀 Serum Cr > 40 􏰀 Fractional Na exc. < 1%
69
Renal Failure
􏰀 Serum BUN 􏱷10 to15 􏰀 Serum Cr < 20 􏰀 Fractional Na exc. > 2%
70
Extravasation
􏰀 Pavementing 􏰀 Margination 􏰀 Diapedesis 􏰀 Migration
71
If Cell Mediated is defective - TX for
􏰀 Viral 􏰀 Fungal 􏰀 Mycobacterium 􏰀 Protozoa 􏰀 Parasite 􏰀 Neoplasm
72
Herpes Viruses
􏰀 HHV1 - oral 􏰀 HHV 2 - genital 􏰀 HHV3 - VZV 􏰀 HHV4 - EBV 􏰀 HHV5 - CMV 􏰀 HHV 6 - Roseola 􏰀 HHV 7 - Pityriasis rosea 􏰀 HHV 8 - Kaposi's
73
Disease Picked up During Delivery
􏰀 Group B strep 􏰀 S. pneumonia 􏰀 Herpes 􏰀 N. gonorrhea 􏰀 Chlamydia
74
TORCHHeS
􏰀 Toxoplasma 􏰀 parvOvirus B19 􏰀 Rubella 􏰀 CMV 􏰀 Herpes simplex 􏰀 HIV 􏰀 Syphilis
75
Neonatal Toxoplasma
􏰀 Chorioretinitis 􏰀 Hydrocephalus 􏰀 Intracran calcifications
76
Neonatal PVB19
􏰀 Hydrops fetalis
77
Neonatal Rubella
􏰀 PDA 􏰀 Cataracts 􏰀 Deafness 􏰀 Blueberry muffin rash
78
Neonatal CMV
􏰀 Unilat. Hearing loss 􏰀 Seizures 􏰀 Petechiae
79
Neonatal Herpes
􏰀 Temp encephalitis 􏰀 Vesicles
80
Neonatal HIV
􏰀 Recurrent infections 􏰀 Chronic diarrhea
81
Neonatal Syphilis
􏰀 Saddle nose 􏰀 Saber shins 􏰀 Hydrops fetalis 􏰀 Notched teeth 􏰀 Short maxilla
82
Most cancer mortality in male
1. Lung 2. Prostate 3. Colon
83
Male Cancers Most prevalent
1. Prostate 2. Lung 3. Colon
84
Female Cancers Most prevalent
1. Breast 2. Lung 3. Colon
85
Most mortality
1. Lung 2. Breast 3. Colon
86
Gynecologic Cancers Most prevalent
1. Endometrial 2. Ovarian 3. Cervical
87
Most mortality
1. Ovarian 2. Endometrial 3. Cervical
88
Most mortality
1. Ovarian 2. Endometrial 3. Cervical
89
Cephalosporins that block Vitamin K
􏰀 Cefotetan 􏰀 Cefamandole 􏰀 Cefoperazone 􏰀 Moxalactam
90
Common bile duct stone
􏰀 Pancreatitis 􏰀 Alkaline phosphatase 􏰀 High white count
91
TX for Gout. 􏰀 Most effective
􏱷 Colchicine 1st line - Indomethacin 3rd line - Steroid (joint)
92
TX for Neuropathy
􏰀 Amitriptyline 􏰀 Gabapentin (heart dz) 􏰀 Carbamazepine (shooting pain)

Step 1 Clues (27 decks)

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