Micro: H. Pylori, Vibrio, Campylobacter, and Anaerobes

Question 1

What is the main cause of ulcers?

Answer 1

h pylori

Question 2

how is h pylori spread

Answer 2

person to person fecal to oral

Question 3

what types of cancers is h pylori associated with

Answer 3

gastic adenocarcinomas and lymphomas

Question 4

What are the virulence factors of h pylori?

Answer 4

It's a slender, curved, gram- rod with motile polar flagella, that is microaerophilic.
It has a VacA - vacuolating cytotoxin 
PAI encoding Type III secretion system
Cag - rearranges cytoskeleton
Urease

Question 5

Pathogenesis of h pylori?

Answer 5

makes urease, allowing persistance, has mcular needle injecting Cag and VacA, leadining to inflammation

Question 6

What exactly causes the ulcers in h pylori?

Answer 6

the cell destruction by VacA, Cag and immune response

Question 7

What is the most common bacterial GI infection in developed nations?

Answer 7

Campylobacter jejuni

Question 8

What is the reservoir for c jejuni? How many cells are needed for infxn?

Answer 8

sheep, cattle, chickens wild birds dogs

only a few hundred

Question 9

What is the structure of c jejuni

Answer 9

thin spiral chaped gram-negative rods, with gull-winged appearance

Question 10

what are the symptoms of c jejuni infxn/

Answer 10

fever, appendicits-like lower abdominal pain, watery diarrhea that progresses to dysentery with blood and pus

Question 11

What microbe is associated with Guillen-Barre Syndrome?

Answer 11

c jejuni think “camplybarre”

Question 12

Why is campylobacter infxn self-limiting while h pylori can last for decades?

Answer 12

the pathogenesis of h pylori in creating urease allows for a maintenance of hospitable environment. also, lower GI where c jejuni targets has a better clearance mechanism

Question 13

microbiology of vibrio/

Answer 13

curved gram- rods motile with flagellum, oxidase positive, saltwater in warm months

Question 14

what are the three significant vibrio classes

Answer 14

cholarea parahaemolyticus and vulnificus

Question 15

Where is cholera most present?

Answer 15

asia, africa, s america, india

Question 16

what serogroups of cholera are responsible for the pandemicss?

Answer 16

o1 and o139

Question 17

what is the infxs dose of cholera/

Answer 17

more than 10^8

Question 18

What is the presentation of cholera

Answer 18

abrupt onset of vomiting and high volume watery diarrhea

Question 19

what is the characteristic description of cholera stool?

Answer 19

rice-water stools, speckled with mucus and loaded with bugs

Question 20

what are the virulence factors of cholera

Answer 20

pai-encodid pilus

phage-encoded toxin

Question 21

describe the toxin of cholera

Answer 21

ab toxin comprised of 5b and 1a subunit, causing adpp-ribosylation of gtp-biding protein. activation of adenyl cycle leading to activation of cftr

Question 22

what are the symptoms of vibrio parahaemolyticus

Answer 22

water diarrhea often with abdom cramps, n/v low grade fever 24 hrs post-exposure,

Question 23

when do we see v vulnificus

Answer 23

free-living in sea water with consumption of raw oysters and wound infection, leads to immunocompromised or chronic liver pts getting septicemia and bullae

Question 24

what are the symptoms of v vulnificus

Answer 24

vomiting, diarrhea and abdom cramps

Question 25

presentation of smell culture witha bscess and tissue necrosis, smelly breath. what are you thinking?

Answer 25

anaerboe

Question 26

what is the structure of bacteroides fragilis?

Answer 26

gram- antiphagocytic capsul,

Question 27

what is the structure of prevotella melaningenica?

Answer 27

gram- coccabacillus, antiphagocyte capsule,

Question 28

what is the colony appearance of prevotella melaninogenica?

Answer 28

black colony

Question 29

what does large, boxcar gram+ rods suggest?

Answer 29

c. perfringens, associated with gas gangrene and cellulitis and food poisoning

Question 30

what do we mean when we say c tetani cuts a v snare?

Answer 30

vesicle with neurotransmitter cannot fuse with neuron membrane. preventing release of inhibitory neurotransmitters glycine and gaba, blocking postsynaptic inhibition of spinal motor reflexes

Question 31

a person with miller fisher?

Answer 31

classic botulism

Question 32

what is the most common nosocomial infxn?

Answer 32

c difficile

Question 33

what are the two toxins in c difficile?

Answer 33

a - enterotoxin leading to diarrhea
b - cytotoxin leading to inflammation

this is not an ab toxin

Question 34

what are the symptoms of c difficile?

Answer 34

fever, watery diarrhea that can become bloody, pseudomembranous colitis