Micro - Systems (Osteomyelitis, UTIs, & Vaginal infections) Flashcards Preview

FA - Microbiology > Micro - Systems (Osteomyelitis, UTIs, & Vaginal infections) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Micro - Systems (Osteomyelitis, UTIs, & Vaginal infections) Deck (40)
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1
Q

What pathogen should be assumed as cause of osteomyelitis if no other information is available, and why?

A

S. aureus (most common overall)

2
Q

What pathogen is a likely cause of osteomyelitis if the patient is sexually active, and why?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (rare), septic arthritis more common

3
Q

What 2 pathogens are a likely cause of osteomyelitis if the patient is a diabetic and/or IV drug user?

A

(1) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2) Serratia

4
Q

What pathogen is a likely cause of osteomyelitis if the patient has sickle cell?

A

Salmonella

5
Q

What 2 pathogens are a likely cause of osteomyelitis if the patient has history of a prosthetic joint replacement?

A

(1) S. aureus (2) S. epidermidis

6
Q

What pathogen is a likely cause of osteomyelitis if the patient has vertebral involvement? What is this condition called?

A

Mycobacterium tubuerculosis (Pott disease)

7
Q

What pathogen is a likely cause of osteomyelitis if the patient has a history of cat and/or dog bites?

A

Pasteurella multocida

8
Q

In what patient population does most osteomyelitis occur?

A

Most osteomyelitis occurs in children

9
Q

What are 2 nonspecific findings that may be observed with osteomyelitis?

A

Elevated CRP and ESR observed but nonspecific

10
Q

What are the imaging considerations/options regarding osteomyelitis?

A

Can be subtle on radiographs; same lesion more easily seen on MRI

11
Q

What are 5 components of the presentation of cystitis?

A

Cystitis presents with (1) dysuria (2) frequency (3) urgency (4) suprapubic pain (5) WBCs (but not WBC casts) in urine

12
Q

What is the primary cause of cystitis?

A

Primarily caused by ascension of microbes from urethra to bladder

13
Q

What are 2 causes of and/or contexts for cystitis in males?

A

Males - (1) Infants with congenital defects (2) Vesicoureteral reflux

14
Q

What is a cause of and/or context for cystitis in elderly?

A

Elderly - enlarged prostsate

15
Q

What is the primary cause of pyelonephritis?

A

Ascension (of microbes from urethra) to kidney results in peylonephritis

16
Q

What are 6 components of the presentation of pyelonephritis?

A

Presents with (1) fever (2) chills (3) flank pain (4) costovertebral angle tenderness (5) hematuria (6) WBC casts

17
Q

In which patient population are urinary tract infections more common, and why? How much more common are they in this patient population?

A

Ten times more common in women (shorter urethras colonized by fecal flora)

18
Q

Besides female gender, what are 6 other factors that predispose patients to urinary tract infections?

A

Other predisposing factors include: (1) obstruction (2) kidney surgery (3) catheterization (4) GU malformation (5) diabetes (6) pregnancy

19
Q

What diagnostic marker is positive in bacterial UTI? What diagnostic marker is positive for gram-negative bacterial UTI?

A

Diagnostic markers: leukocyte esterase test (+) = bacterial UTI; nitrite test (+) = gram-negative bacterial UTI

20
Q

What bug is the leading cause of UTI?

A

Escherichia coli

21
Q

Which agar distinguishes Escherichia coli, and how does it appear on this agar?

A

Colonies show green metallic sheen on EMB agar

22
Q

What is the second leading cause of UTI in sexually active women?

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

23
Q

What is the 3rd leading cause of UTI?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

24
Q

What distinguising product do some strains of serratia marcescens produce?

A

Some strains produce a red pigment

25
Q

Name 3 UTI bugs that are often/usually nosocomial and drug resistant.

A

(1) Serratia marcescens (2) Enterobacter cloacae (3) Pseudomonas aeruginosa

26
Q

In what unique fashion does Proteus mirabilis appear on agar, and why?

A

Motility causes “swarming” on agar

27
Q

Name a urease positive UTI bug.

A

Proteus mirabilis

28
Q

With kind of stones are associated with Proteus mirabilis?

A

Associated with struvite stones

29
Q

With what pigment and odor is Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated?

A

Blue-green pigment and fruity odor

30
Q

What do each of the following UTI diagnostic makers suggest if positive: (1) Leukocyte esterase (2) Nitrite test

A

(1) (+) Leukocyte esterase = bacterial (2) (+) Nitrite test = gram-negative bugs

31
Q

What UTI bugs would a positive versus negative test suggest?

A

(+) Urease test = urease-producing bugs (e.g., Proteus, Klebsiella); (-) Urease test = E. coli, Enterococcus

32
Q

What are 2 defining features of Klebsiella pneumoniae’s appearance?

A

Large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies

33
Q

Name 3 common vaginal infections.

A

(1) Bacterial vaginosis (2) Trichomoniasis (3) Candida vulvovaginitis

34
Q

Of the following common vaginal infections, which is associated with inflammation: (1) Bacterial vaginosis (2) Trichomoniasis (3) Candida vulvovaginitis?

A

(1) No inflammation (2) Inflammation (3) Inflammation

35
Q

What are the defining signs and symptoms of bacterial vaginosis (in terms of inflammation and discharge)?

A

No inflammation; Thin, white discharge with fishy odor

36
Q

What are the defining signs and symptoms of Trichomoniasis (in terms of inflammation and discharge)?

A

Inflammation; Frothy, grey-green, foul-smelling discharge

37
Q

What are the defining signs and symptoms of Candida vulvovaginitis (in terms of inflammation and discharge)?

A

Inflammation; Thick, white “cottage cheese” discharge

38
Q

What are the lab findings that distinguish each of the following common vaginal infections: (1) Bacterial vaginosis (2) Trichomoniasis (3) Candida vulvovaginitis?

A

(1) Clue cells, pH > 4.5 (2) Mobile trichomonads, pH > 4.5 (3) Pseudohyphae, pH normal (4.0-4.5)

39
Q

What is the treatment for each of the following common vaginal infections: (1) Bacterial vaginosis (2) Trichomoniasis (3) Candida vulvovaginitis? In which condition is treatment of sexual partner recommended?

A

(1) Metronidazole (2) Metronidazole, Treat sexual partner (3) -azoles

40
Q

What is the pH in each of the following common vaginal infections: (1) Bacterial vaginosis (2) Trichomoniasis (3) Candida vulvovaginitis?

A

(1) pH > 4.5 (2) pH > 4.5 (3) pH normal (4.0-4.5)

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