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Micro Final > Microbial Diseases > Flashcards

Microbial Diseases Flashcards

1
Q 
Tuberculosis:
 is caused by what microbe? 
Transmitted from?
Treatment?
Vaccine?
A

-mycobacterium tuberculosis
-human to human
-Prolonged treatment with
multiple antibiotics
-BCG vaccine

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2
Q 
Pneumonia:
 is caused by what microbe? 
symptoms?
Diagnosis?
Treatment?
Prevention?
A

-streptococcus pneumoniae
-Infected alveoli of lung fill with
fluids; interferes with oxygen uptake
-Optochin‐inhibition test or bile
solubility test; serological typing of bacteria
-Penicillin, fluoroquinolones
-Pneumococcal vaccine

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3
Q 
Haemophilus influenzae Pneumonia
is caused by?
predisposing factors?
diagnosis?
treatment?
A

-Haemophilus microbe
-Alcoholism, poor
nutrition, cancer, or diabetes
-Isolation; special media for nutritional
requirements
-Cephalosporins

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4
Q

What is lymphangitis?

A

Inflamed lymph vessels accompanying

septicemia and septic shock

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5
Q

What’s gram negative sepsis called? Gram positive?

A

endotoxin shock, Nosocomial infections:

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6
Q

Endotoxin shock:
can cause ___ and ____ to decrease
-antibiotics?
-treatments?

A

-Endotoxins cause blood pressure to decrease
-Antibiotics can worsen condition by killing
bacteria
-Possible treatment, Human activated protein C, an anticoagulant

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7
Q

4 microbes that cause Nosocomial infections:

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
  • Group B streptococcus, S. agalactiae
  • Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis
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8
Q

What are the three types of Endocarditis?

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis, Acute bacterial endocarditis, and Pericarditis

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9
Q

Subacute bacterial endocarditis is caused by what microbe?

A

Alpha‐hemolytic streptococci from mouth

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10
Q

Acute bacterial endocarditis is caused by what microbe?

A

Staphylococcus aureus from mouth

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11
Q

Pericarditis is caused by what microbe?

A

Streptococci, Inflammation of heart sac

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12
Q 
Anthrax:
is caused by what microbe?
found in?
cattle are \_\_\_\_\_\_
treatment?
A
  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Found in soil
  • Cattle routinely vaccinated
  • Treated with ciprofloxacin or doxycycline
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13
Q

What are the three types of anthrax?

treatment?

A

cutaneous anthrax, Gastrointestinal anthrax (50% mortality), Inhalational (pulmonary) anthrax (100% mortality)
-antibiotics*

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14
Q

What are 3 vector borne bacterial diseases?

A

plague, Lyme’s disease, and typhus

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15
Q 
Lyme disease:
caused by what microbe?
vector?
symptoms?
reservoir?
A

Borrelia burgdorferi

  • ticks
  • bull’s eye rash, irregular heartbeat, arthritis, encephalitis
  • deer
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16
Q

Typhus:
caused by?
where does the microbe infect?
treatment?

A
  • Rickettsia
  • Obligate intracellular parasites
  • In endothelial cells of the vascular system
  • antibiotics / doxycycline & tetracycline
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17
Q

What are the two types of typhus?

A

Epidemic typhus and Endemic murine typhus

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18
Q 
Epiemic typhus: 
microbe?
reservoir?
vector?
treatment?
A

-Rickettsia prowazekii
-rodents
-Pediculus humanus corporis
 Transmitted when louse feces are rubbed into
bite wound
-tetracycline & chloramphenicol

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19
Q

Endemic murine typhus:
microbe?
reservoir?
treatment?

A
  • Rickettsia typhi
  • Xenopsylla cheopis
  • tetracycline & chloramphenicol
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20
Q

What are the 4 major microbes of malaria?

treatment?

A 
-Plasmodium vivax
 P. ovale
 P. malariae
 P. falciparum
-Artemisinin: artesunate and artemether
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21
Q

What are the 3 common microbes that cause bacterial meningitis?

A
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
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22
Q

What are the 4 types of meningitis?

A

bacterial, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae

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23
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

occurs mostly in ________, prevented by ________________

A

children, prevented by Hib vaccine

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24
Q

Neisseria meningitis is aka __________, caused by ________ microbe, preventative?

A

Meningococcal meningitis

  • Caused by N. meningitidis
  • vaccine recommended for college students
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25
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis is aka _____________________, caused by ___________________

A

pneumococcal meningitis, S. pneumoniae (common in children, vaccine available)

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26
Q 
Tetanus: 
caused by?
occurs in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
what does it do?
prevention?
treatment?
A

-Clostridium tetani
-deep wounds
-Prevention by vaccination with tetanus toxoid
(DTP) and booster (dT)
-Tetanospasmin released from dead cells blocks
relaxation pathway in muscles
-Treatment with tetanus immune globulin

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27
Q

Botulism:
caused by?
what does it do?
prevention?

A

-Clostridium botulinum
-Botulinal toxin blocks release of neurotransmitter, causing flaccid paralysis
-Proper canning, nitrites prevent endospore germination in
sausages

28
Q

Polio:
transmitted?
symptoms?
-prevention

A
  • ingestion
  • Sore throat and nausea, if persistant, virus can enter the CNS
  • vaccination
29
Q

Rabies virus multiplies in ______ and then ______ cells causing ___________

A

skeletal muscles and brain cells, encephalitis

30
Q

Initial symptoms of rabies include:

prevention?

A

muscle spasms of the mouth and pharynx and hydrophobia

pre-exposure injection (HDCV) and post vaccine (vaccine plus immune globin)

31
Q

Arboviral Encephalitis is a _______________ borne virus, controlled by ___________

A

Arthropod‐borne viruses, mosquito control

32
Q

Common treatment for diseases of the lower digestive system is ____________

A

Oral rehydration therapy

33
Q

Symptoms of Gastroenteritis

A

Diarrhea, dysentery

34
Q

Staphylococcal Food Poisoning:
caused by?
symptoms?
treatment?

A

-Staphylococcus aureus
-Nausea, vomiting, and
diarrhea
-rehydration therapy

35
Q

Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)
caused by?
symptoms?
treatment?

A

-Shigella spp.
-Tissue damage and
dysentery
-Quinolones (broad‐spectrum
antibiotics)

36
Q

Salmonellosis:
caused by?
symptoms?
treatment?

A
  • Salmonella enterica
  • Nausea and diarrhea
  • Oral rehydration
37
Q

Typhoid Fever:
caused by?
symptoms?
treatment?

A
  • S. typhi
  • high fever, significant mortality
  • Quinolones; cephalosporins
38
Q

Chloera:
caused by?
symptoms?
treatment?

A

Vibrio cholerae

  • Diarrhea with large water loss
  • Rehydration; doxycycline
39
Q

Noncholera vibrios
caused by?
symptoms?
treatment?

A

V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus

  • Cholera-like diarrhea, but generally milder and Rapidly spreading tissue destruction
  • re hydration and antibiotics
40
Q

Escherichia coli Gastroenteritis: aka _______________
caused by?
symptoms?
treatment?

A

traveler’s diarrhea

  • E. coli
  • watery diarrhea
  • Oral rehydration
41
Q

Campylobacter Gastroenteritis:
caused by?
symptoms?
treatment?

A

-Campylobacter jejuni
-Fever, abdominal
pain, diarrhea
-treatment not online, check in notes

42
Q

Helicobacter Peptic Ulcer Disease: aka ______________
caused by?
symptoms?
treatment?

A

stomach cancer

  • Helicobacter pylori
  • Peptic ulcers
  • Antimicrobial drugs
43
Q

Gonorrhea
caused by?
symptoms?
treatment?

A

-Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-Men: Painful urination and discharge of pus
Women: Few symptoms but possible
complications, such as PID
-If left untreated, may result in
Endocarditis, Meningitis, Arthritis, Ophthalmia neonatorum (blindness)
-Fluoroquinolones

44
Q

Genital Herpes:
caused by?
symptoms?
treatment?

A
  • herpes simplex virus 2
  • Painful vesicles on genitals
  • suppressed by Acyclovir
45
Q

Genital Warts:
caused by?
symptoms?
treatment?

A
  • Human papillomaviruses
  • Warts in genital area
  • Podofilox; imiquimod
46
Q

What are 5 Staphylococcal Skin Infections?

A

folliculitis, sty, furuncle, carbuncle, impetigo

47
Q

Folliculitis:

A

Infections of the hair follicles

48
Q

Sty:

A

Folliculitis of an eyelash

49
Q

Furuncle:

A

Abscess; pus surrounded by inflamed

tissue

50
Q

Carbuncle:

A

Inflammation of tissue under the skin

51
Q

Impetigo:

A

crusting sores, spread by

autoinoculation

52
Q

What are the 4 different poxviruses viruses?

A

smallpox (variola), monkey pox, chicken pox, shingles

53
Q

Staphylococcus ________ is antibiotic resistant

A

aureus

54
Q

What are the common treatments for bacterial diseases? viral?

A

bacteria: give them fluids or antibiotics
virus: you give antivirals, or commone flu is rest and fluids

55
Q

Which types of hepatitis cause liver cancer?

A

Hep B, C, and D

56
Q

Which types of hepatitis are transmitted by fecal-oral?

A

Hep A and E

57
Q

Which types of hepatitis are transmitted by parenteral?

A

Hep B, C, and D

58
Q

Which type of hepatitis is an STI?

A

Hep B

59
Q

There are healthy carriers of ________, and there is a vaccination

A

meningitis

(Pneumococcal and Neisseria meningitis

60
Q

Tetanus is an infectious disease, but not contagious from person to person, only from _____________

A

direct contact with spore

61
Q

How is smallpox transmitted?

A

respiratory transmission

62
Q

Chicken pox is caused by ________ and transmitted by ______ and _______

A

human herpes virus 3, transmitted by the respiratory route and contact

63
Q

Measles is transmitted by ____ and it is recognized by its ______

A

respiratory route, Macular rash

64
Q

How do you treat conjunctivitis?

A

antibiotics

65
Q

What are the three causes of conjunctivitis?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Haemophilus influenzae

66
Q 
Whooping Cough aka \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
caused by?
what happens?
what is produced?
prevention?
A
  • Pertussis
  • cytotoxin in trachea damages cilia in throat
  • produces pertussis toxin
  • prevented by a vaccine
67
Q

What are the three stages of Whooping Cough?

A

stage 1:catarrhal stage (like common cold)
stage 2: Paroxysmal stage (violent coughing sieges)
stage 3: convalescence stage (recovery)

Micro Final (3 decks)

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