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D2 Summer > Microbio Week 10 - Viruses Transmitted Fecal-Orally (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Microbio Week 10 - Viruses Transmitted Fecal-Orally (Exam 3) Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of capsid does adenovirus have?

A

Icosahedral

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2
Q

Where does adenovirus replicate?

A

GI tract

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3
Q

How does adenovirus spread?

A

Fecal-orally
Respiratory

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4
Q

Does adenovirus cause symptoms?

A

Not usually

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5
Q

Which two adenoviruses are known to cause gastroenteritis?

A

40 and 41

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6
Q

Adenovirus 40 and 41 infections are common in which people?

A

Children

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7
Q

What else can adenovirus cause besides gastroenteritis?

A

Respiratory infection
Eye infection

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8
Q

Which two adenoviruses infect military recruits and cause nasal congestion, cough, and malaise that can develop into pneumonia?

A

4 and 7

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9
Q

What adenovirus vaccine does the military give?

A

Live 4 and 7

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10
Q

What is the live adenovirus 4 and 7 vaccine coated with?

A

Gelatin

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11
Q

Where does the live adenovirus 4 and 7 vaccine replicate? Does this cause symptoms?

A

GI tract

Does NOT cause symptoms

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12
Q

Adenovirus can last on _________ and _________ for weeks and is easily spread from person-to-person

A

towels and surfaces

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13
Q

Which eye infection caused by adenovirus is found mainly in adults and is very contagious?

A

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

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14
Q

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis involves inflammation of what?

A

The cornea

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15
Q

What kind of capsid does rotavirus have?

A

Icosahedral

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16
Q

What family is rotavirus in?

A

Reovirus

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17
Q

Rotavirus is __________ and can reassort its genome

A

segmented

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18
Q

Where are rotavirus, norovirus, and picornaviruses very stable? (and all naked viruses in this lecture)

A

Detergents
Stomach acid
Resistant to drying, can last on surfaces for days
Wide range of temperatures

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19
Q

Billions of virus particles/gram of stool are shed during peak infection of which virus?

A

Rotavirus

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20
Q

Is rotavirus systemic or local? Does it have a short or long incubation time?

A

Local
Short incubation time

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21
Q

Which people have the most severe rotavirus infections?

A

Children under 5

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22
Q

T/F: Adults infected with rotavirus are often symptomatic

A

FALSE, they are often asymptomatic

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23
Q

What occurs after rotavirus symptoms are gone?

A

Viral shedding

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24
Q

What does a viral protein of rotavirus act as?

A

An enterotoxin (like cholera toxin)

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25
What is the cause of severe dehydration in young children and hospitalization?
Rotavirus
26
What kind of vaccine is available for rotavirus?
Attenuated
27
Which vaccine is very good at preventing severe complications from infections that result in hospitalization (95%) but works less well at preventing all infections (70-80%)?
Rotavirus vaccine
28
What kind of capsid does norovirus have?
Icosahedral
29
What family is norovirus in?
Calicivirus
30
Millions of viral particles are shed in vomit and billions in feces in which virus?
Norovirus
31
T/F: Norovirus is VERY infectious
True!
32
T/F: Unlike rotavirus, norovirus infects and causes disease in all ages
True
33
What virus causes millions of illnesses (19-21 million) each year in the US and is the leading cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis?
Norovirus
34
Norovirus causes severe problems in which people?
Elderly and very young
35
Is norovirus systemic or local? Does it have a short or long incubation time?
Local Short incubation
36
How long do norovirus symptoms last?
Very short (1-3 days)
37
How long is norovirus shed?
From time of symptoms - up to 2 weeks after you feel better
38
What kind of capsid does picornavirus (family) have?
Icosahedral
39
What viruses are within picornavirus family?
Poliovirus Echovirus Enterovirus Rhinovirus Coxsackievirus A and B HAV (PERCH)
40
How are enteroviruses spread?
Fecal-orally Respiratory
41
Enteroviruses are _________, meaning they kill the cell they infect
lytic
42
When do picornaviruses have seasonality?
Summer/early fall
43
Which picornavirus causes poliomyelitis?
Poliovirus
44
Which picornavirus causes meningitis/encephalitis?
All enteroviruses
44
Which picornavirus causes acute flaccid paralysis?
Enterovirus 71 and 68
45
Where do enteroviruses replicate before they enter the blood and go to target organs?
GI tract and respiratory tract
46
What can prevent enteroviruses from entering the blood and reaching target organs, stopping the severe consequences of infection?
IgG
47
T/F: Most poliovirus infections are asymptomatic
True
48
Most who were infected with poliovirus had symptoms were sick for about a week, some progressing to ____________, but all recovered completely
meningitis
49
About 1% of all poliovirus infections had what?
Paralytic poliomyelitis
50
Those who had paralytic poliomyelitis from poliovirus infection had polio travel where? What did this cause?
Motor neurons -> anterior horn -> killed cells -> symptoms of spinal polio w/ limb paralysis
51
What did paralytic poliomyelitis from poliovirus infection also cause in some people?
Weakness of muscles involved in swallowing and breathing -> higher mortality than spinal polio
52
What are the 2 polio vaccines?
Sabin/oral Salk/inactivated
53
What type of vaccine is the Sabin/oral polio vaccine?
Attenuated
54
Where does the Sabin/oral polio vaccine replicate?
The gut
55
In which polio vaccine is there a chance of getting polio from the vaccine itself?
Sabin/oral polio vaccine
56
What happens if you are exposed to wild-type polio but you are vaccinated with the Sabin/oral vaccine?
1. You do NOT get infected 2. Infection, disease, and spread of WT poliovirus to others is prevented
57
What type of vaccine is the Salk/inactivated polio vaccine?
Inactivated
58
Which polio vaccine is used in the US?
Salk/inactivated polio vaccine
59
What viruses are the #1 cause of viral meningitis?
Enteroviruses
60
What happens if you are exposed to wild-type polio but you are vaccinated with the Salk/inactivated vaccine?
1. You become infected, but IgG prevents disease 2. Can be spread to others fecal-orally
61
What viruses can cause viral meningitis?
Enterovirus Echovirus Coxsackievirus A and B
62
Viral meningitis can occur at any age, but is very common in which people?
Children
63
T/F: Unlike bacterial meningitis, enteroviral meningitis resolves without treatment, with most having no lasting side effects
True
64
Besides meningitis, what else can enteroviruses cause?
Encephalitis (most recover completely if the encephalitis occurs outside the neonate stage)
65
What picornaviruses cause hand, foot, mouth disease?
Coxsackievirus A Enterovirus 71
66
Where are ulcerations/lesions from hand, foot, mouth disease found?
Mouth/pharynx Soles of feet Palms
67
What virus is endemic in East and Southeast Asia and causes hand, food, and mouth disease?
Enterovirus 71
68
What can Enterovirus 71 cause?
Severe neurologic complications
69
What virus causes herpangia?
Coxsackievirus A
70
Lesions in herpangia are similar to HFMD, but are limited to what part of the body?
Posterior oral cavity (does not involve rest of body)
71
What virus causes myocarditis/pericarditis?
Coxsackievirus B
72
What does Coxsackievirus B start as?
Respiratory infection
73
Generalized infections of newborns can happen if the mother has an ___________ infection during the last week of pregnancy or if a newborn gets an ___________ infection shortly after birth
enterovirus; enterovirus
74
What happens if the newborn gets an enteroviral infection?
Spreads to multiple organs with high mortality rate
75
Why does the timing of infection in pregnancy matter?
If the mother can form ABs and transfer them to the fetus, the baby will be protected from the virus spreading in the blood to target organs
76
What happens if enterovirus symptoms occur a week before delivery?
Maternal ABs are made -> transferred through placenta -> baby protected
77
What family is rhinovirus in?
Picornavirus
78
Can rhinovirus be transmitted fecal-orally?
No
79
What inactivates rhinovirus?
Low pH
80
What temperature does rhinovirus prefer to grow at? What is this ideal for?
33 degrees, ideal for upper respiratory tract
81
T/F: There are many types of rhinovirus (>200), and most people are frequently reinfected and symptomatic throughout life
True
82
What is the primary cause of common cold?
Rhinovirus
83
High amounts of rhinovirus are found where?
Nasal secretions
84
Green nasal secretions are present in rhinovirus infections and indicate the presence of what?
Neutrophils
85
What is a significant route of rhinovirus infection?
Hand-to-face
86
Which picornavirus causes myocarditis/pericarditis?
Coxasackievirus B
87
Which picornaviruses cause respiratory infections?
All enteroviruses Rhinovirus
88
Which picornaviruses cause generalized infections of newborns?
Coxsackievirus B Echovirus

D2 Summer (37 decks)

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