"Microbiology/Immunology Introduction to Immunology" MARY Flashcards Preview

Unit 6 > "Microbiology/Immunology Introduction to Immunology" MARY > Flashcards

Flashcards in "Microbiology/Immunology Introduction to Immunology" MARY Deck (19)
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1
Q

What is the time frame associated with the innate immune response?

A

Minutes to hours

2
Q

What is the function of B-lymphocytes?

A

They produce antibodies specific to a pathogen.

3
Q

T-cells and B-cells stimulate ____ to kill better and can be directly cytotoxic to virally infected cells and tumor cells.

A

phagocytes

4
Q

What is the time frame associated with the adaptive immune system?

A

Days to weeks

5
Q

What is opsonization?

A

One of the capabilities of effector cells is the ability to phagocytose foreign particles ie bacteria. When specific antibody is present, a high affinity bridge is formed enhancing phagocytosis. This is called opsonization.

6
Q

What is the complement system, in general?

A
The complement system is:
a group of serum proteins
can either recognize certain types of microorganisms or
can recognize bound antibody
can cause lysis of target cell etc.
7
Q

What does CD3 mean?

A

The CD3 (cluster of differentiation 3) T-cell co-receptor is a protein complex of mature T-cells

8
Q

What does CD4 mean?

A

CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells.

9
Q

What does CD8 mean?

A

CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) is a transmembrane glycoprotein predominantly found on cytotoxic T cells.

10
Q

What is the most abundant leukocyte?

A

Neutrophils (aka PMNLs), 60-70% of circulating WBC

11
Q

What is the lifespan of a neutrophil?

A

12 hours

12
Q

Monocytes are derived in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood. When these cells enter tissue they are called:

A

Macrophages

13
Q

T/F: Macrophages are capable of both intracellular and extracellular killing.

A

True, but it is not known if extracellular killing really happens in vivo.

14
Q

What immunologic items enhance the killing process of macrophages?

A

Antibody, complement

15
Q

What do B cells express on their surface?

A

Immunoglobulin (antibody)

16
Q

Where are T-lymphcytes derived?

A

Thymus

17
Q

T/F: The behavior of cytotoxic T-cells is antigen-specific.

A

True

18
Q

What is the major target of cytotoxic T cells?

A

Virally infected cells

19
Q

What are the main targets of natural killer (NK) cells?

A

Virally infected cells, tumor cells

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