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Flashcards in Mid-Term Deck (57)
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1
Q

The act itself is?

A

The object

2
Q

What principle is the matter principle?

A

The object

3
Q

When is the object chosen?

A

After counsel

4
Q

What is the primary element of morality?

A

The object

5
Q

The object must be _____ good, otherwise the intention cannot actualize it as good, since it had no potency to be good

A

potentially

6
Q

The end is the?

A

Intention

7
Q

The intention is the?

A

Motive for action of will

8
Q

What is the form principle of the human act?

A

Intention

9
Q

When is the intention willed?

A

Before the means, but the means are included within

10
Q

The fact that the intention is willed before the means, but the means are included within means that it is the _____ end

A

Proximate

11
Q

What is the most important moral element?

A

Intention

12
Q

Why is the intention the most important moral element?

A

It orders all actions to one’s ultimate end

13
Q

What gives act to the object?

A

Intention

14
Q

If the object is good, but the intention is evil, then what?

A

The act is evil, because the intention is not capable of actualizing the object as good

15
Q

What is the accidental characteristic of the act?

A

Circumstance

16
Q

What is the circumstance?

A

Who, where, when, how, to whom, by what means, how ofter, etc.

17
Q

What does specifying mean?

A

Can change the species of an act

18
Q

What does aggravating/diminishing mean?

A

Can change the degree of evil or good in acts

19
Q

What is teleological?

A

Takes into account the end and means of an act

20
Q

In a teleological act, what specifies the act?

A

The end

21
Q

Consequentialism?

A

This looks at the end alone

22
Q

What is the definition of voluntary?

A

Action proceeds from the will with knowledge of the end

23
Q

Involuntary?

A

Action proceeds against the will with knowledge of the end

24
Q

Nonvoluntary?

A

Actions which proceed with no knowledge of the end

25
Q

In a nonvoluntary action, no knowledge means what about the action?

A

No action of the free will

26
Q

In a nonvoluntary action, no action of the free will means what?

A

No freedom

27
Q

What is required in order to place moral responsibility upon someone?

A
  • Knowledge
  • Freedom
  • Voluntary
28
Q

Will vs. Free Will

A

The end

29
Q

Is there free will in heaven?

A

No

30
Q

Descartes

A

Judgment based on intellect and conscience, no will

31
Q

What is Ethics?

A

A practical philosophical science which considers human operations insofar as they are ordered to one another and to an end

32
Q

How is Ethics scientific?

A

consideration of action properly ordered

33
Q

How is Ethics Human?

A

Proper to man

34
Q

How does Ethics involve Order?

A

Order Related to Reason

Reason Perfected by Him

35
Q

Ancient Civilizations view of Ethics?

A
  • Established social roles

- Good was determined by status

36
Q

Presocratics?

A

-Actions were to be in harmony with Universe

37
Q

Socrates & Plato?

A

Knowledge of man’s condition is virtue

38
Q

Aristotle?

A

-All things act for an end -Man’s happiness is virtuous, contemplative living

39
Q

Nominalists?

A
  • No universal truths for man to know

- Morality is God’s commands, even if irrational aka No Conscience

40
Q

Rationalists (Descartes)

A
  • Cogito = Man’s thought as central

- Autonomy of reason and conscience

41
Q

What did Descartes believe about the intellect and will?

A

All intellect and No will

42
Q

What did Descartes believe about the conscience?

A

Conscience becomes center

43
Q

Utilitarianism (J.S. Mill, Bentham, J. Mill)

A
  • Scientific approach to material universe

- Calculation of max pleasures & minimum pain

44
Q

Modernism

A
  • Denial of absolute norms

- Absolute freedom of individual conscience

45
Q

What does modernism say about physical pleasure?

A

Physical pleasure over spiritual good

46
Q

How does modernism handle particular moral problems?

A

Democratic approach

47
Q

Modern view on natural law and divine precepts?

A

Denies both

48
Q

Human Action

A

Act in which man is master by consciously controlling and deliberately willing

49
Q

Decisive point of Human Action?

A

Consent of the will following the deliberation of the intellect

50
Q

Acts of Man

A

One in which a man happens to perform, but he is not master of it, for he has not consciously controlled it, has not deliberately willed it, and for it he is not held responsible

51
Q

Is Sleep a human act or act of man?

A

Act of man

52
Q

False external ideas of happiness

A

wealth, honors, fame, and glory

53
Q

False internal ideas of happiness

A

health, longevity, good looks, bodily pleasures of various kinds, bodily strength and fitness, athletic prowness, and comfort

54
Q

Overall, why do goods fail to be our ultimate good

A

Only God can be a sufficient and complete good for us, since we have the universal good as an object of our will

55
Q

Why do external goods not satisfy?

A

Human fulfillment rules out all evil, whereas each of the external goods can be found in both good and evil people and can be used to do either good or evil

56
Q

Happiness is a sufficient good that doesn’t lack any good necessary for a human being. Why do the external goods fail?

A

The external goods leave out many necessary goods

57
Q

Happiness is a complete good from which no evil can come to a person. Why do the external goods fail?

A

All of the external goods can lead to evil for the possessors