MID term review

Question 1

What imbalance lessens the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

a. Increased serum calcium levels
b. Decreased serum magnesium levels
c. Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
d. Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer 1

ANS: A
The overall effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)is to increase serum calcium and to decrease serum phosphate concentration. The other presented imbalances will not affect PTH in the described fashion.

Question 2

Regulation of the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla is an example of which type of regulation?

a. Negative feedback c. Neural
b. Positive feedback d. Physiologic

Answer 2

ANS: C
The release of hormones occurs either in response to an alteration in the cellular environment or in the process of maintaining a regulated level of certain hormones or certain substances. Several different mechanisms, one of which is neural control (e.g., stress-induced release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla), regulate the release of hormones.

Question 3

Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone?

a. Cortisol c. Epinephrine
b. Oxytocin d. Growth hormone

Answer 3

ANS: A
Cortisol and adrenal androgens are lipid-soluble hormones and are primarily bound to a carrier or transport protein in circulation. The other options are water-soluble hormones.

Question 4

Most protein hormones are transported in the bloodstream and are:

a. Bound to a lipid-soluble carrier
b. Free in an unbound, water-soluble form
c. Bound to a water soluble–binding protein
d. Free because of their lipid-soluble chemistry

Answer 4

ANS: B
Peptide or protein hormones, such as insulin, pituitary, hypothalamic, and parathyroid, are water soluble and circulate in free (unbound) forms.

Question 5

The effects of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion include solute:

a. Retention and water retention c. Dilution and water retention
b. Retention and water loss d. Dilution and water loss

Answer 5

ANS: C

The symptoms of SIADH secretion are a result of dilutional hyponatremia and water retention.

Question 6

Which laboratory value would the nurse expect to find if a person is experiencing syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?

a. Hypernatremia and urine hypoosmolality
b. Serum potassium (K+) level of 5 mEq/L and urine hyperosmolality
c. Serum sodium (Na+) level of 120 mEq/L and serum hypoosmolality
d. Hypokalemia and serum hyperosmolality

Answer 6

ANS: C
A diagnosis of SIADH requires a serum sodium level of less than 135 mEq/L, serum hypoosmolality less than 280 mOsm/kg, and urine hyperosmolarity.

Question 7

The cause of neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) is related to an organic lesion of the:

a. Anterior pituitary c. Posterior pituitary
b. Thalamus d. Renal tubules

Answer 7

ANS: C
Neurogenic DI is a result of dysfunctional antidiuretic hormone synthesis, caused by a lesion of the posterior pituitary, hypothalamus, or pituitary stalk.

Question 8

Which form of diabetes insipidus (DI) is treatable with exogenous antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

a. Neurogenic c. Nephrogenic
b. Psychogenic d. Ischemic

Answer 8

ANS: A

Neurogenic DI is treated with ADH replacement therapy.