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modern iran midterm one > midterm 1 - short answer q's > Flashcards

midterm 1 - short answer q's Flashcards

1
Q

vali

A

guardian who arranges marriage

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2
Q

mahriyeh

A

the amount of money that the husband promises to pay at the death or divorce

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3
Q

nejasat

A

impurity and bodily pollution

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4
Q

sigheh

A

temporary wife

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5
Q

idda

A

3 month period after marriage to assure women is not pregnant and to preserve her honor

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6
Q

um walid

A

“Mother of Child” when a slave has a kid with her master and she can earn her freedom

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7
Q

zoroastrianism

A

a monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century BC

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8
Q

patriarchal bargain

A

is a term coined by Turkish author and researcher Deniz Kandiyoti in 1988, which describes a tactic in which a woman chooses to accommodate and uphold patriarchal norms, accepting gender roles that disadvantage women overall but maximizing her own power and options

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9
Q

harem

A

(in former times) the separate part of a Muslim household reserved for wives, concubines, and female servants.

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10
Q

fatwa

A

ruling point of Islamic law given by recognized authority

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11
Q

turkmanchay treaty

A

1828 treaty with Russia that prohibited the establishment of protective measures that could have saved local industries in Iran

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12
Q

babi

A

Believed Bab was the symbolic of the 12th imam

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13
Q

baha’is

A

Monotheistic in Persia and believed in unity of human under god

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14
Q

jamal al-dim asabadi

A

islamic idealist and believed in a Pan-Islamic unity; social democrat

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15
Q

turkmanchay treaty

A

1828 treaty with Russia that prohibited the establishment of protective measures that could have saved local industries in Iran—- start of slave trade ending

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16
Q

nasir al din shah

A

best known for his tobacco concessions to the British in the 1890s

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17
Q

tobacco protests

A

(1891-92), which involved a mass boycott of tobacco products throughout much of the country, marked the first time that the merchants as a class carried their protests to a successful political conclusion, after aligning with the ulama. The repeal of the tobacco concession led to Iran’s first major foreign loan from Persia as well as shifting the foreign policy to align more with Russia than Britain

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18
Q

hassan taqizadeh

A

Iranian who went to U.S. missionary school, social democrat, traveled to the Ottoman Empire and saw their constitution; created a library of new ideas of the world in Iran; influenced by Russian Transcaucasia and began the organization of Iranian Social Democrats

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19
Q

muhammad al shah

A

against the Iranian Constitution because it was contrary to Islamic law, and invaded the 2nd majlis with Russia

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20
Q

sheikh fazlullah nuri

A

Shi’i Muslim who fought against the Constitution Revolution and was executed for treason, and is considered a martyr in a fight against democracy by Islamic conservatives

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21
Q

tabriz anjuman

A

Tabriz became the center of the revolution; it was composed of migrant workers, Armenians, Georgians, Russian socialists, and Turks, who transformed the meaning of mujahadid to mean something more radical

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22
Q

satttar khan

A

Social Democrat in Tabriz, and he led many early victories there, which greatly influenced the Constitutionalists across Iran

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23
Q

dehkhoda

A

publisher of progressive Iranian newspaper

24
Q

sur-i israfil

A

publisher of progressive Iranian newspaper

25
Q

sheikh fazlullah nuri

A

Shi’i Muslim who fought against the Constitution Revolution and was executed for treason, and is considered a martyr in a fight against democracy by Islamic conservatives—

26
Q

taj al- saltaneh

A

daughter of Naser al-Din Shah who wrote about her life as a princess, and led to our increased knowledge to the lives of princesses with regards to marriage (she had no say, wanted to leave it, practiced abortions

27
Q

majiles

A

reps. In parliament of congress

28
Q

muzaffar al din shah

A

known for his borrowing of money from Russia to fund his extravagant trips throughout Europe; the Iranian Constitution was ratified during his rule

29
Q

social democrats

A

intellectuals

30
Q

morgan shuster

A

American who came to Iran to help with economy, Russia kicked him out

31
Q

jahizyeh

A

the gift from the wife’s family to the husband and wife

32
Q

mohallael

A

temp husband after woman gets divorced

33
Q

gholam

A

male slave

34
Q

kaniz

A

female slave

35
Q

muhammad ali shaw

A

known for his borrowing of money from Russia to fund his extravagant trips throughout Europe; the Iranian Constitution was ratified during his rule

36
Q

morgan shuster

A

American who came to Iran to help with economy, Russia kicked him out

37
Q

andir shah

A

hoped to unfiy shi’i and the sunnis

38
Q

premodern homosexuality

A

can be with a man if ur married to a women, boy concubines that once reach puberty the man has to find the boy a wifr when he hits puberty

39
Q

premodern marriage and practices and traditions

A

age of marriage, permission of parents , the uncle helps out, class matters, they can reject a suitor, cousin marriage ti keeo money in family

40
Q

pan islamism

A

is a political movement advocating the unity of Muslims under one Islamic state – often a Caliphate – or an international organization with Islamic principles.

41
Q

edward g brown

A

support for constitutionalists in europe

42
Q

majiles

A

.

43
Q

modernization from above

A

.

44
Q

democratic party of the constitutional rev

A

.

45
Q

secular religious alliance

A

.

46
Q

early globalization and cash crop economy

A

europeans demand for cotton rice and fruit silk opium - exporting cash crops / loss of manufacturers and cotton industry , gov sale of lands big merchants=planation owenrs iran exports wheat and barley for the first time

47
Q

morgan shuster

A

shusters letter in times in london

48
Q

sayyad zia

A

.becomes premier, reza khan becomes minister of war

49
Q

Bakhtiari tribe

A

are a southwestern Iranian tribe,[2] and a subgroup of the Lurs.[3] They speak the Bakhtiari dialect, a southwestern Iranian dialect, belonging to the Lurish

50
Q

Mujahedeen

A

guerrilla fighters in Islamic countries, especially those who are fighting against non-Muslim forces.

51
Q

ahmad shah

A

was a local (to the Kunar Province of Afghanistan) who commanded a group of fighters operating in eastern Afghanistan and was linked to Gulbadin Hekmatyar.

52
Q

gilan republic

A

as a short-lived Soviet republic in the Iranian province of Gilan that lasted from June 1920 until September 1921. It was established by Mirza Koochak Khan, a leader of the consitutionalist movement of gilan and his jangali partisans

53
Q

kuchek khan

A

was an early twentieth century revolutionary, a Gilani Nationalist and the president of the Republic Of Gilan. - considered a hero — He was the founder of a revolutionary movement based in the forests of Gilan in northern Iran that became known as the Nehzat-e Jangal (The Jungle Movement). This uprising started in 1914 and remained active against internal and foreign enemies until 1921 when the movement was completely abandoned after the demise of the hero

54
Q

Reza Pahlavi modernization/reforms

A

was the Shah of Iran (Persia) from 15 December 1925 until he was forced to abdicate by the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran on 16 September 1941, Reza Pahlavi was selected as Iran’s prime minister by the National assembly of Iran. In 1925 Reza Pahlavi was appointed as the legal monarch of Iran by decision of Iran’s constituent

55
Q

russian revolution of 1905

A

disgruntled merchants joined, as well as social democrats, religious reformers, politicians out of favor , 1906 -muzzafar al din shah was forced to recognize national consultative majlis– he died important because of heavy representation givebn to guils in tehran and tabriz – the people gained the right to tellremove irresponsible ministers - activists women of tehran made orphanges schools

56
Q

russian revolution of 1917

A

tremendous impact on the region - rise of communist movement over asia - refroms involving muslim women- unveling revocation of sharia and polygamy- bolshevik renunciation of unequal treaties

57
Q

social democrat

A

demands- rights of workers male suffrage right to strike 8 hour day limits on child labor education of women

modern iran midterm one (2 decks)

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