midterm 1 - terms

Question 1

Polytheism

Answer 1

belief that there is more than one god

Question 2

Monotheism

Answer 2

belief that there is only one god

Question 3

Quraysh

Answer 3

mercantile tribe in mecca

Question 4

Hashemites

Answer 4

poor group that Muhammad belonged to

Question 5

Umayyads

Answer 5

wealthy group

Question 6

islam

Answer 6

submission

Question 7

abu talib

Answer 7

Muhammad uncle who took care of him when his parents died

Question 8

khadijeh

Answer 8

widey of muhammad

Question 9

fatima

Answer 9

daughter of muhammad and fatima wife of ali

Question 10

ali

Answer 10

cousin of Muhammad marries Fatima 4th caliph

Question 11

charter of constitution of medina

Answer 11

622 muhammad becomes political and religious

Question 12

ummah

Answer 12

community by the whole community of muslims bound together by religion

Question 13

uthman

Answer 13

third caliph

Question 14

muawiyyah

Answer 14

fought against ali and later became fifth caliph

Question 15

kufa

Answer 15

city between Baghdad and Karbala, the string hold for the partisans of Ali, not yet a religious movement but a politcal movement that struggles to attain power

Question 16

karbala

Answer 16

Battle of Karbala) in 680 CE, or the Masjidayn of Imam Husayn and Abbas, is considered as a holy city for Shi’ite Muslims as Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem.

Question 17

fate of imam hussein

Answer 17

rejected ascension of yazid as sizth caliph and travels to argue asagainst it but is assassinated by yazids army - killing hussein - his family and others in karbala

Question 18

yazid

Answer 18

son of muawiyyah breached a treaty by becoming sixth caliph - killed hussein

Question 19

muharram rituals

Answer 19

First and holist month of Islamic Calendar; mourn the death of Hussein and reflect on the Battle of Karbala; Gatherings in Houses , Procession, Ta’ziyeh, These rituals of Muharram, much more than a single belief or dogma, define Shi’i communities around the world (Halm 1997: 41).
Pre-Islamic and non-Islamic origins—-

Question 20

ashura

Answer 20

10th daty of muharram - mourn and derive messages from hussains saccrafice (shi’a islam) fasting (sunni islam)

Question 21

ta’ziyeh

Answer 21

passion plays - dramatic recount of the battle of karbala

Question 22

mujahid/ mojahed

Answer 22

a person accepted as an original authority in Islamic law. Such authorities continue to be recognized in the Shi’a tradition, but Sunni Muslims accord this status only to the great lawmakers of early Islam.

Question 23

mullah

Answer 23

teachers or scholars of Islamic learning or the leaders of mosques; religious leader

Question 24

five pillars of islam

Answer 24

declaration of faith, prayer, fasting, charity, annual pilgrimage

Question 25

qom

Answer 25

City in Iran; Center of Shi’ism in 8th Century; burial place of Fatima; place of pilgrimage in 17th c

Question 26

najaf

Answer 26

City in Iraq; the site of the tomb of Ali, the first imam of the Shiites; third holiest city in Shi’ism; spiritual capital of Shi’ism; holds the Valley of Peace cemetery;

Question 27

mehid/ twelfth imam

Answer 27

(Shi’ism) In hiding, will return for judgement day

Question 28

abu bakr

Answer 28

2nd caliph that had previously followed muhammad into exile

Question 29

umar

Answer 29

3rd Caliph, 10 year term, Expanded the Arabian empire

Question 30

uthman

Answer 30

Elected by council to be 4th Caliph, opposed by Ali, Represented the Uayyads

Question 31

Muawiyyah

Answer 31

5th Caliph after Ali, Opposed Ali, Strong Militantly

Question 32

kufa

Answer 32

Iraq city where Ali fled, Strong Shi’a

Question 33

yazid

Answer 33

Son of Muawiyyah, breached a treaty by becoming sixth caliph; killed Hussein

Question 34

ali

Answer 34

cousin and son in law to muhammad the shi’a consider him the first rightful caliph

Question 35

ulama

Answer 35

a body of Muslim scholars recognized as having specialist knowledge of Islamic sacred law and theology.

Question 36

abu bakr

Answer 36

2nd Caliph that had previously followed muhammad into exile, wealthy cloth merchant , first free man to accept islam