MIDTERM

Question 1

What pecentager of older adults live at home

Answer 1

92%

5% in homes

3% in assisted living

Question 2

Most centurions will be

Answer 2

Female

Question 3

CAM

Answer 3

Confusion assessment method

Question 4

3 Ds for older adults

Answer 4

Dementia delirium and depression

Question 5

BPSD

Answer 5

Behavioural Psychosocial/psychological symptoms of dementia

Question 6

Distinguishing factors of delirium

Answer 6

Acute
Sudden
Temporary
Preventable
Treatable

Caused by underlying physiology

Question 7

Distinguishing features of dementia

Answer 7

Slow
irreivereable
Decline
terminal (not cureable)

Question 8

Predisposing factors for delirium

Answer 8

Dementia
Polypharmacy
Depression
Advanced age
Funcitonal dependency

Question 9

Precipitating factors for delirium

Answer 9

Restrains
Surgery
Infection
Illness

Question 10

Clinical features of BPSD

Answer 10

Agitation
Psychiatric Symptoms
Personality symptoms
Personality changes
Mood disturbances
Aberrent motor movement
Changes in sleep
Hypersexual behaviour

Question 11

AD

Answer 11

Fasted progression
Plaque in brain

Question 12

Vascular

Answer 12

Related to blood vessels

Question 13

Lewey body

Answer 13

Parkinson symptoms (abnormal proteins)

Question 14

Frontotemporal

Question 15

CAM assessment

Answer 15

Must have

1. Acute onset/fluctuating course

AND

2. Inattention

AND

3. Disorganized thinking
   OR
4. Change in LOC

Question 16

Sundowning

Answer 16

When symptoms appear at night, they have trouble sleeping

Question 17

Best treatment fot delirium

Answer 17

Non-pharmocological

Question 18

How to treat delirium

Answer 18

Treat precipitating cause

THen address aggrevating factors

Question 19

Is there standardized care for dementia

Answer 19

No. ALways individiualized

(manifests differently in each person)

Question 20

Pharm approach to dementia

Answer 20

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Question 21

Non-Pharm approaches to dementia

Answer 21

Focus on safety and QOL

Question 22

Anticholinergics

Answer 22

Meds to NOT be used for older adults with dementia

OTC cold and flu meds, ophthalmic meds

Can be causative factor for delirium, confusion etc.

Counteract the affects of cholinersterase inhibitors

Question 23

Slow drug clearance due to age related changes

Answer 23

Increased body fat
Decreased lean muscle
Decreased body water
Reduced hepatic blood flow
Decreased serum albumin

Question 24

Factors which compromise client safety

Answer 24

Communication gaps
Incomplete trafer of information
Inadequate pt eduction
Poor coordination of services
Ineffective med reconciliation
pt health literacy
cultural differences
Low staffing
Lack of access to essential lcare services
Pt characteristics

Question 25

Categories of antidepressents

Answer 25

MAO inhibitors (rarely used, associated with agitation and psychosis) Tricyclic anti-depressents: TCA SNRIs (first line of treatment, block seratonin reuptake, fewer sideaffects) - Sideaffect is reduced blood sodium

Question 26

The stages of change model

Answer 26

Pre-contemplation (Pateint resistent to change) Contemplation (intention to change) Preperation: Patient ready to make goals Begining steps of behaviour stage Action (Less than six months implementation of healthy behaviours) Maintance (More than. 6 months, continuing healthy behaviours)

Question 27

Adult day center

Answer 27

Provide rec activitie sfor adults with cognitive deficits

Question 28

Respite care

Answer 28

Goal to relieve caregivers from stress of caring for dependent adults

Question 29

What ocntirubutes to complexities for assessing older adults

Answer 29

Commonly one or more interacting conditions Illness manifestations tend to be more obscure and less predictable Cognitive impairment makes description difficult Treatments often aimed towards relief of symptoms

Question 30

Risk factors

Answer 30

Increases changes of pathology

Question 31

Functional consequences

Answer 31

Observable effects of aging positive and negative

Question 32

Pharmacokintetics

Answer 32

What the body does to the drug (how it is absorbed, metabolized excreted)

Question 33

Pharmacodynamics

Question 34

Serum half life

Question 35

Homeopathy

Answer 35

Technique that stimulates the bodies self healing techniques

Question 36

NSAIDs

Answer 36

Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs asprin

Question 37

BEERS

Answer 37

Medications deemed inappropriate for the older population because of sideaffects and poor safety profile

Question 38

Functional consequences

Answer 38

Good or bad observable changes as a result of actions - affect QOL or ADLs

Question 39

Wellness outcomes are associated with

Answer 39

Ways to support HIGHEST QOL NOT cures

Question 40

what is elimination half-time?

Answer 40

aka serum half life, which is the time required for the drug's concentration in the blood to decrease by one half of its original value

Question 41

Clearance rate

Answer 41

measures the volume of blood from which the drug is eliminated per unit of time

Question 42

what are schemas?

Answer 42

assumptions/unarticulated rules that influence our thoughts feelings and behaviours

Question 43

How is dementia related to de[rressoin

Answer 43

40-50% of people with dementia experience depression at some point in their illness

Question 44

Assisted living arrangements are how common?

Answer 44

Increasingly more

Question 45

Best predictor on a person's ability to successfully engage

Answer 45

Whether or not they actively engage with life

Question 46

Who is responsible for care management of seniros?

Answer 46

Designated family member, health care provider etc.

Question 47

Can delirium be caused by loneliness

Answer 47

NO

Question 48

What is a trademark affeect o depression on sleep

Answer 48

Insomnia or early morning awaking