Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phil 61 - Moral Issues > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Deontology

A

Normative ethical position that judges the morality of an action based on the action adherence to a rule(s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Deontology therefore focuses on….

A

Intentions rather than consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Deontology is the same as…

A

Non-consequentialism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What theory did Kant believe in

A

Deontology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did Kant emphasise

A

Moral life is centered on duty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did he want us to forget

A

To forget about consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is involved in the Central insight

A

What is fair for one is fair for all

Complete moral equality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two conceptions of Duty

A
  1. Duty as following orders

2. Duty as freely imposing obligation on ones own self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Duty by following orders involves (2)

A
  1. Duty being external

2. Duty is imposed by others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Duty as a freely imposing obligation involves (3)

A
  1. The Kantian Model
  2. Duty is internal
  3. We imposed duty on ourselves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Kant believes that an action is only moral if…

A

you want to want to do it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is good will

A

Morally praiseworthy actions from a sense of duty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is our sense of duty derived from

Our duty is to follow the right…

A

Reason

Moral rules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the main points to Categorical immperative (2)

A
  1. Follow moral rules that are universal

2. Always treat persons as ends and never merely as means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was Kant perspective on Universal rule

A

Always act in such a way that the maxim of your action can be willed as a universal law of humanity

Means: you should only accept a morale rule that a rational person would accept as binding for all persons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was Kant perspective on treating people

A

Always treat humanity, whether in yourself or in other people, as an end in itself and never as a mere means

Means: we should recognise that each person has the same basic moral worth as we do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the Admirable side of acting from duty

A

Person of duty remains committed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the Evenhandedness of morality

A

Kantian morality does not play favourites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Respecting other person

A

Notion of treating persons as ends in themselves is central to much of modern ethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What 3 things did Kant help us see clearly on

A
  1. Admirable side of acting on Duty
  2. The Evenhandedness of morality
  3. Respecting others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What 3 things did Kant miss out on

A
  1. The neglect of Moral integration
  2. The role of emotions
  3. The place of consequences in moral life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the neglect of moral integration

A

Person of duty can have deep and conflicting inclinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the role of emotions

A

The emotions always suspect because they are fickle and causally determined and passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the prima facie duty

A

Duty that is binding other things equal, that is, unless it is overridden or trumped by another duty or duties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are prima facie duties understood as

A

Guideline

Not rules without exception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is fidelity

A

Duties to keep ones promises and contracts and not to engage in deception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is Reparation

A

to make up for the injuries one has done to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is Gratitude

A

duty to be grateful for benefactions done to oneself and if possible to show it by benefactions in return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is non-maleficence

A

The duty of non-injury
Duty not to harm others physically or psychologically

Looks to avoid harming:
Health
Security
Intelligence
Character
Happiness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is harm prevention

A

duty of a person to prevent harm to others from causes other than himself

31
Q

What is beneficence

A

Duty to do good to others

32
Q

What is self improvement

A

Duty of self improvement is to act so as to promote ones own good

33
Q

What is justice

A

requires that one act in such a way that one distributes benefits and burdens fairly

To prevent an unjust distribution of benefits or burdens

34
Q

What are the priority rules

A

Non-maleficence normally overrides other prima facie duties

Fidelity normally overrides beneficence

35
Q

What did Nietzsche attack

What did he urge

A

Mordern morality - Kant
Utilitarianism - vulgar

Return to ancient greek morality - Aristotle

36
Q

What is Existentialism

A

the fundamental questions of meaning and choice and the affect on the existing individual

37
Q

Problems with morality to do with killing - why is it wrong (4)

A
  1. Ten commandments
  2. Mark of insensitivity
  3. Violates peoples rights (Kant)
  4. Increases the amount of pain in the world without equally adding to happiness (ultilitarianism)
38
Q

What was similar in what Nietzsche and Aristotle believed duty was

A

For servants

Few are capable of higher morality

39
Q

Master morality is

A

seeking ones own virtues and abilities

40
Q

What is Fear is the Mother of Morality

A

Become a function of the herb

Value only as a function

41
Q

The herd is a life of

What do we not develop when we are a herd

A

mass produced life of conformity

Own beliefs/values

42
Q

What is conformity

A

lack of creativity, courage and inwardness

43
Q

Nietzsche attacks…

We are born…

A

Christian morality - dislikes the herd

We are not born all equal

44
Q

What is an overman/superman

A

overcoming our herd nature

45
Q

In order to achieve Overman what is required

A

All the creativity and risk we are capable of - includes rule breaking

46
Q

Nietzsche argument on re-evaluation of values

A

Moral values are not universal

They arise from human evaluation

47
Q

What did Nietzsche believe morality of duty to be

A

Slave morality

48
Q

What are the 3 wills to something (Eternal Recurrence)

A
  1. Want it
  2. Change nothing
  3. Accept responsibility
49
Q

The basic meaning behind eternal recurrence is to…

A

live life to the fullest

50
Q

Existentialism main themes on the world

A

The world is:

Irrational
Absurd

51
Q

What does Aristotle emphasis (2)

A

Ancient Greek Morality

  1. Character development
  2. Specific virtuous actions
52
Q

What does Kant emphasis (3)

A

Modern Morality

  1. Moral principle and laws
  2. Reason and individual autonomy
  3. Good intentions and doing ones duty
53
Q

Artistotle scope of applicability (Elite - common)

A

Small elite capable of true happiness - through virtuous actions

Other people may live and do duties but cannot be happy

54
Q

Kant scope of applicability

A

All people are to be judged by the same moral standards

There are no elites

55
Q

Who focuses on “thou shalt not”

A

Kant

56
Q

Kant believes that emotions are not morally valuable

A

true

57
Q

Kant calls rational motivation…

A

Respect for law

58
Q

Categorical imperatives are

A

moral rules - dependent on any particular desire

59
Q

Hypothetical imperatives are

A

Prudential rules - binding to those with appropriate desire

60
Q

What exceptions are there for Kant

A

If the situation is consistently universalised

e.g. speeding - ambulance driver

61
Q

What 3 tests must be done in order to reject inlcinations

A
  1. Universal test = If everyone were premitted to act the same
  2. Pre-publicity test = If everyone knew you were premitted to act as you propose
  3. Moral legislation test = If your doing so required every rational person to approve a general rule permitting actions of that kind
62
Q

What are the 4 ways we can classify actions

A
  1. As done from inclination, opposing duty
  2. As done from calculated self interests = cautiousness
  3. As done from direct inclination, but according to duty = doing the right thing but not because its right
  4. As done from duty = keeping promise no matter what
63
Q

What does inclination mean

A

Tendency to act/feel in a particular way

64
Q

What are the two versions of Kant’s Categorical Imperative

A
  1. Universal rule

2. Always treat others as ends and not means

65
Q

Nietzsche wants you to… (2)

A

Think for yourself

Choose your own virtues

66
Q

What does fear cause

A

conformity - lose creativity to our group or master

67
Q

All religion makes you part of a…

A

herd

68
Q

The overman is able to…

A

overcome herd nature

69
Q

‘Good’ for master morality

‘Bad’ for master morality

A

noble person

Common person

70
Q

Master morality focuses on a hierarchy between good and bad

A

True

71
Q

Slave morality looks to reject… (2)

A

Master morality

Hierarchy

72
Q

‘Bad’ for slave morality =

‘Good’ for slave morality =

A

Evil = traits of the noble

Good = Absence of noble

73
Q

Slave morality opposes noble morality by questioning…

And argues that morality is…

A

The happiness of the noble

The same for all

74
Q

What happens when slave morality dominates

A

‘Good’ becomes stupid

Phil 61 - Moral Issues (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions