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Flashcards in Midterm 2 Quick Review Deck (99)
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1
Q

Draw the Bouma sequence with sed structures

A

See 60

2
Q

What is Ta?

A

Massive to normally graded medium to fine grained sandstone; suspension fallout; high concentration suspension

3
Q

What is Tb?

A

Planar laminated sandstone; upper flow regime; low concentration traction

4
Q

What is Tc?

A

Current ripple laminated sandstone; lower flow regime; low concentration traction

5
Q

What is Td?

A

Planar laminated siltstone; lower flow regime; low concentration traction

6
Q

What is Te?

A

Laminated to massive mudstone; suspension fallout; low concentration suspension

7
Q

Draw a high density turbidite sequence

A

61

8
Q

Write out the geologic time scale

A

see handout

9
Q

Go over each of the readings

A

see handout

10
Q

What do corals make?

A

Calcite and Argonite

11
Q

Where are corals found?

A

warm, tropical

12
Q

What do snails make?

A

aragonite

13
Q

Where are snails found?

A

E

14
Q

What do clams make?

A

Calcite

15
Q

Where are clams found?

A

ocean floor?

16
Q

What do crinoids make?

A

high Mg, calcite

17
Q

Where are crinoids found?

A

E

18
Q

What do sea urchins make?

A

high Mg, calcite

19
Q

Where are sea urchins found?

A

E

20
Q

What do diatoms make?

A

siliceous skeleton

21
Q

Where are diatoms found?

A

E

22
Q

What do demosponges make?

A

silica spicules

23
Q

Where are demosponges found?

A

E

24
Q

What do stromatolites make?

A

calcite?

25
Q

Where are stromatolites found?

A

E

26
Q

What are the types of biomineralization?

A

Induced and Mediated

27
Q

What is induced biomineralization?

A

something alive changes ambient chemistry around, influeces how minerals form (stromatolites)

28
Q

Draw the column for aeolian sand dunes

A

1

29
Q

Draw the column for alluvial fan deposits

A

2

30
Q

Draw the column for epheneral lake deposits.

A

3

31
Q

Draw the column for braided river deposits

A

4

32
Q

Draw the column for meandering river

A

5

33
Q

Draw the column for debris flow

A

6

34
Q

Draw the column for sheet flood fan

A

7

35
Q

Draw the column for stream channel alluvial fan

A

8

36
Q

Draw the column for shallow delta

A

10

37
Q

Draw the column for deep delta

A

11

38
Q

Draw the column for coarse grained delta

A

12

39
Q

Draw the column for river-dom delta

A

13

40
Q

Draw the column for wave dom delta

A

14

41
Q

Draw the column for tide-dom delta

A

15

42
Q

Draw the columns with a picture for delta progradation

A

see notecard

43
Q

Draw the column for wave-dom estuary

A

see notecard

44
Q

Draw the bedform stability diagram

A

See notecard

45
Q

Draw the diagram for an oceans carbon pump

A

7

46
Q

draw a cross section of an alluvial fan

A

14

47
Q

Why do we see large alluvial fan stacks (200 m +) coarsening upward?

A

progradation

48
Q

Draw a box model of a braided river

A

22

49
Q

Draw a box model of a meandering river

A

24

50
Q

Where is lateral accretion and where is erosion in meandering river?

A

lateral accreation on point bar, erosion on cut bank

51
Q

Draw/identify layers on a vertical sequence of a braided river deposit

A

27

52
Q

What do the channel fills look like with frequent avulsion?

A

short channel fills

53
Q

What do the channel fills look like with less frequent avulsion (more migration)?

A

long channel fills

54
Q

What do the channel fills look like with slow subsidence?

A

Small vertical distance between channel fills

55
Q

What do the channel fills look like with fast subsidence?

A

large vertical distance between them

56
Q

What are the four types of wind dune morphologies? Draw each of them.

A

Barchan, transverse, linear, star

57
Q

Draw an eolian dune morphologies graph.

A

33

58
Q

Draw a delta environment

A

38

59
Q

Draw a cross section of a progradational delta

A

40

60
Q

What are the main classifications of deltas?

A

River dominant, tide dominant, wave dominant

61
Q

Coarse vs fine grained delta

A

Comes from braided vs meandering river

62
Q

Draw a diagram of a delta prograding into deeper water

A

45

63
Q

Draw a wave dominated delta

A

48

64
Q

Draw a wave dominated estuary

A

53

65
Q

Draw a tide dominated estuary

A

54

66
Q

Draw a diagram for the calcite compenstation depth with what forms.

A

62

67
Q

Draw an overfilled cross section

A

64

68
Q

Draw a balanced cross section

A

64

69
Q

Draw an underfilled cross section

A

64

70
Q

Draw the controls on lake type diagram

A

63

71
Q

useful tools for dating evaporites

A

fluid inclusions

72
Q

Draw a crevasse play

A

see river diagrms

73
Q

Eolain subenvironments

A

Desert - where evaporation rate exceeds precipitation rate; contains multiple sub-environments: alluvial fans, ephemeral streams, ephemeral saline lakes, sand-dune fileds, interdune areas, deflation pavement (bare rock), fringe areas covered by loess (wind blown dust)

74
Q

How are eolian dunes preserved?

A

The bounding surfaces are preserved

75
Q

Draw a diagram of a delta including subenvironments

A

38

76
Q

Sub-environments of delta

A

delta plain, sandy mouth bars, pro-delta deposits, distributary channels, delta front, delta top, sea

77
Q

Draw a delta progradation cross section

A

39

78
Q

What are the four parts of a delta (think about the cross section) with deposits found.

A

Delta top facies: channel sands and delta plain muds, mouth bar sands, prodelta muds, marine shelf deposits

79
Q

If a delta is cupsate, what is its dominant process?

A

waves

80
Q

Deltas morphology ultimately depends on two things. What are they?

A

grain size, water depth it progrades into

81
Q

What do you get with a shallow water delta?

A

extensive mouth bar deposits and a shallow, widespread delta front

82
Q

What do you get when a delta progrades into deeper water?

A

mouth bar restricted in size, slope deposits and turbidites

83
Q

Draw a block diagram of a delta prograding into deeper water

A

45

84
Q

What is important to note in the deltaic strat column?

A

Note upward coarsening/thickening in bottom part of column that represnts progressive shallowing of facies

85
Q

How can you tell a delta from a estuary in the ancient?

A

Deltas are only progradational

86
Q

What processes effect estuary morphology?

A

waves and tides

87
Q

What is one key characteristic of estuaries?

A

All estuaries are relatively shallow and have a mixture of fresh and salt water (brackish)

88
Q

Draw a wave dominated estuary.

A

53

89
Q

What are some important sub environments of estuaries?

A

tidal flats and tidal channels

90
Q

Why do we get mud beds with estuaries/tides?

A

Tidal currents change from higher-energy during flood to slack water, or very low energy, which is when mud can settle out of suspension and deposit on the bed.

91
Q

How are high density turbidites the same and different than low density turbidites?

A

High density tubidite deposits are very similar to low density in that they show waning energy, but they are typically coarser grained and thicker.

92
Q

What are the graded units the result of in high density turbidites?

A

result of grain support by turbulence, dispersive pressure (grain collisions), hindered settling (concentration effect), and buoyancy effects

93
Q

High-denstiiy turbidites can be identified because they are…

A

coarser-grained and thicker-bedding, normally graded, structureless

94
Q

What is a fluvial lacustrine FA?

A

overfilled

95
Q

What is a flctuating-profundal?

A

balance

96
Q

What is evaporitive?

A

underfilled

97
Q

Draw strat column for overfilled

A

see desktop

98
Q

Draw strat column for balance

A

see desktop

99
Q

Draw strat column for under fill

A

see desktop