Draw the Bouma sequence with sed structures
See 60
What is Ta?
Massive to normally graded medium to fine grained sandstone; suspension fallout; high concentration suspension
What is Tb?
Planar laminated sandstone; upper flow regime; low concentration traction
What is Tc?
Current ripple laminated sandstone; lower flow regime; low concentration traction
What is Td?
Planar laminated siltstone; lower flow regime; low concentration traction
What is Te?
Laminated to massive mudstone; suspension fallout; low concentration suspension
Draw a high density turbidite sequence
61
Write out the geologic time scale
see handout
Go over each of the readings
see handout
What do corals make?
Calcite and Argonite
Where are corals found?
warm, tropical
What do snails make?
aragonite
Where are snails found?
E
What do clams make?
Calcite
Where are clams found?
ocean floor?
What do crinoids make?
high Mg, calcite
Where are crinoids found?
E
What do sea urchins make?
high Mg, calcite
Where are sea urchins found?
E
What do diatoms make?
siliceous skeleton
Where are diatoms found?
E
What do demosponges make?
silica spicules
Where are demosponges found?
E
What do stromatolites make?
calcite?
Where are stromatolites found?
E
What are the types of biomineralization?
Induced and Mediated
What is induced biomineralization?
something alive changes ambient chemistry around, influeces how minerals form (stromatolites)
Draw the column for aeolian sand dunes
1
Draw the column for alluvial fan deposits
2
Draw the column for epheneral lake deposits.
3
Draw the column for braided river deposits
4
Draw the column for meandering river
5
Draw the column for debris flow
6
Draw the column for sheet flood fan
7
Draw the column for stream channel alluvial fan
8
Draw the column for shallow delta
10
Draw the column for deep delta
11
Draw the column for coarse grained delta
12
Draw the column for river-dom delta
13
Draw the column for wave dom delta
14
Draw the column for tide-dom delta
15
Draw the columns with a picture for delta progradation
see notecard
Draw the column for wave-dom estuary
see notecard
Draw the bedform stability diagram
See notecard
Draw the diagram for an oceans carbon pump
7
draw a cross section of an alluvial fan
14
Why do we see large alluvial fan stacks (200 m +) coarsening upward?
progradation
Draw a box model of a braided river
22
Draw a box model of a meandering river
24
Where is lateral accretion and where is erosion in meandering river?
lateral accreation on point bar, erosion on cut bank
Draw/identify layers on a vertical sequence of a braided river deposit
27
What do the channel fills look like with frequent avulsion?
short channel fills
What do the channel fills look like with less frequent avulsion (more migration)?
long channel fills
What do the channel fills look like with slow subsidence?
Small vertical distance between channel fills
What do the channel fills look like with fast subsidence?
large vertical distance between them
What are the four types of wind dune morphologies? Draw each of them.
Barchan, transverse, linear, star
Draw an eolian dune morphologies graph.
33
Draw a delta environment
38
Draw a cross section of a progradational delta
40
What are the main classifications of deltas?
River dominant, tide dominant, wave dominant
Coarse vs fine grained delta
Comes from braided vs meandering river
Draw a diagram of a delta prograding into deeper water
45
Draw a wave dominated delta
48
Draw a wave dominated estuary
53
Draw a tide dominated estuary
54
Draw a diagram for the calcite compenstation depth with what forms.
62
Draw an overfilled cross section
64
Draw a balanced cross section
64
Draw an underfilled cross section
64
Draw the controls on lake type diagram
63
useful tools for dating evaporites
fluid inclusions
Draw a crevasse play
see river diagrms
Eolain subenvironments
Desert - where evaporation rate exceeds precipitation rate; contains multiple sub-environments: alluvial fans, ephemeral streams, ephemeral saline lakes, sand-dune fileds, interdune areas, deflation pavement (bare rock), fringe areas covered by loess (wind blown dust)
How are eolian dunes preserved?
The bounding surfaces are preserved
Draw a diagram of a delta including subenvironments
38
Sub-environments of delta
delta plain, sandy mouth bars, pro-delta deposits, distributary channels, delta front, delta top, sea
Draw a delta progradation cross section
39
What are the four parts of a delta (think about the cross section) with deposits found.
Delta top facies: channel sands and delta plain muds, mouth bar sands, prodelta muds, marine shelf deposits
If a delta is cupsate, what is its dominant process?
waves
Deltas morphology ultimately depends on two things. What are they?
grain size, water depth it progrades into
What do you get with a shallow water delta?
extensive mouth bar deposits and a shallow, widespread delta front
What do you get when a delta progrades into deeper water?
mouth bar restricted in size, slope deposits and turbidites
Draw a block diagram of a delta prograding into deeper water
45
What is important to note in the deltaic strat column?
Note upward coarsening/thickening in bottom part of column that represnts progressive shallowing of facies
How can you tell a delta from a estuary in the ancient?
Deltas are only progradational
What processes effect estuary morphology?
waves and tides
What is one key characteristic of estuaries?
All estuaries are relatively shallow and have a mixture of fresh and salt water (brackish)
Draw a wave dominated estuary.
53
What are some important sub environments of estuaries?
tidal flats and tidal channels
Why do we get mud beds with estuaries/tides?
Tidal currents change from higher-energy during flood to slack water, or very low energy, which is when mud can settle out of suspension and deposit on the bed.
How are high density turbidites the same and different than low density turbidites?
High density tubidite deposits are very similar to low density in that they show waning energy, but they are typically coarser grained and thicker.
What are the graded units the result of in high density turbidites?
result of grain support by turbulence, dispersive pressure (grain collisions), hindered settling (concentration effect), and buoyancy effects
High-denstiiy turbidites can be identified because they are…
coarser-grained and thicker-bedding, normally graded, structureless
What is a fluvial lacustrine FA?
overfilled
What is a flctuating-profundal?
balance
What is evaporitive?
underfilled
Draw strat column for overfilled
see desktop
Draw strat column for balance
see desktop
Draw strat column for under fill
see desktop