midterm 2 stuff

Question 1

(Greek Prefixes)

What are the 16 Greek prefixes and their variations?

Answer 1

Syn- = sy (C) and syn (V)
Ana- = ana (C) and an (V)
Dia- = dia (C) and di (V)
Cata- = cata (C) and cat (V)
Para- = para (C) and par (V)
Meta- = meta (C) and met (V)
Anti- = anti (C) and ant (V)
Epi- = epi (C) and ep (V)
Endo- = endo (C) and end (V)
Apo- = apo (C) and ap (V)
Hypo- = hypo (C) and hyp (V)
Eu = eu (C) and ev (V)
Hyper = hyper
Ex = ec (C) and ex (V and h)
Exo/ecto = exo/excto
Dys = dys

Question 2

(Greek Suffixes)

What are the 2 Greek suffixes and the changes they trigger?

Answer 2

• oid = vowel deletion when root ends in vowel

- tomy = cluster simplification when prefix is ex (esc +t = ect)

Question 3

(Lenition)

How does lenition change labial sounds?

Answer 3

p/b –> v

Question 4

(Lenition)

How does lenition change dental sounds?

Answer 4

d/t –> v

Question 5

(Lenition)

How does lenition change velar sounds?

Answer 5

c/g –> deleted or y [i] when between vowels or followed by consonant

Question 6

(French)

What does syncope mean?

Answer 6

loss of unstressed vowel in second syllable

Question 7

(French)

What does prothesis mean?

Answer 7

addition of vowel in front of word beginning with s + consonant

Question 8

(French)

How is c [k] assibilated when following e or i?

Answer 8

c[k] becomes c[s]

Question 9

(French)

How is c [k] assibilated when before a?

Answer 9

c[k] becomes ch[tʃ]

Question 10

(French)

How is g [g] assibilated when before e or i?

Answer 10

g[g] becomes g[ʒ]

Question 11

(Greek)

How do you approach “h” after prefixes?

Answer 11

1. ignore h
2. delete the last vowel in the prefix
3. if the combination is not ph, th, kh, ch, rh, gh – h gets deleted

Question 12

(English)

How does [e] change with vowel shifting?

Answer 12

[e] –> [i]

saek –> seek

Question 13

(English)

How does [o] change with vowel shifting?

Answer 13

[o] –> [u]

tohth –> tooth

Question 14

(English)

How does [i] change with vowel shifting?

Answer 14

[i] –> /ai/

hiide–> hide

Question 15

(English)

How does [u] change with vowel shifting?

Answer 15

[u] –> /ou/

fuund –> found

Question 16

(English)

How does [a] change with vowel shifting?

Answer 16

[a] –> [o]

hahm –> home

Question 17

(English)

What is the format/rule of vowel lengthening?

Answer 17

VCV –> VVCV

Question 18

(English)

What is the format/rule of vowel shortening?

Answer 18

VVCC –> VCC

Question 19

(Language Use)

What is polysemy?

Answer 19

when one word has multiple meanings

Question 20

(Language Use)

What are homophones?

Answer 20

words that sound the same but have different meanings and spelling

Question 21

(Language Use)

What are homographs?

Answer 21

words that are spelled the same but sound different

Question 22

(Semantic Change)

What are metaphors?

Answer 22

change of meaning via resemblance; can change from physical to abstract meaning; often directional

Question 23

(Semantic Change)

What is metonymy?

Answer 23

change of meaning unrelated to resemblance; often representative

Question 24

(Semantic Change)

What is narrowing?

Answer 24

when a broad term is now commonly used for specific example

Question 25

(Semantic Change)

What is broadening?

Answer 25

when specific term is now commonly used in a general sense

Question 26

(Semantic Change)

What is amelioration?

Answer 26

term becomes more positive in meaning

Question 27

(Semantic Change)

What is pejoration?

Answer 27

term becomes more negative in meaning

Question 28

(Semantic Change)

What is bleaching?

Answer 28

when meaning of word disappears through overuse

Question 29

(Language Use)

What are euphemisms?

Answer 29

words/phrases that represent another word/phrase that is inappropriate in conversation

Question 30

(Language Use)

What are taboos?

Answer 30

words that are distasteful and often too dirty or offensive in nature to say