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Biology Tests > MidTerm > Flashcards

MidTerm Flashcards

1
Q

Information gathered from an experiment

A

Data

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2
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

Proposed explanation for phenomenon

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3
Q

How many independent variables should be tested at once?

A

One

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4
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The human body keeping a constant internal temperature

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5
Q

List the levels of biological organization starting with the smallest (cells)

A

Cells, organelles, tissues, organs, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

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6
Q

What is the difference between population and community?

A

Community: a group of populations living and interacting in one environment

Ex: rattlesnakes, raccoons, hawks, mice, and trees live in the field

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7
Q

Which type of microscope uses light and two lenses to form an image?

A

Compound light microscope

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8
Q

Why is it necessary to wash your hands after completing the lab activity?

A

So you don’t spread dangerous chemicals to areas that could harm you or others

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9
Q

What is a function of a carbohydrate?

A

Store and release energy, main source of energy for living things, plants use starch, animals use glycogen

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10
Q

What are functions of proteins?

A

Are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs; made up of amino acid; provide structure and support for cells

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11
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

Speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

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12
Q

What is the term for energy needed to get a reaction started?

A

Activation energy

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13
Q

What is the function of an enzyme?

A

Type of catalyst, increases reaction time (fast enough pace for life)

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14
Q

What is the main difference between prokaryotic cells an eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryote: no nucleus
Eukaryote: has a nucleus

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15
Q

Give an example of a prokaryote

A

Bacteria

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16
Q

What are the functions of a cells nucleus?

A

Stores hereditary material or DNA, coordinated the cells activity

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17
Q

What is the function of a ribosome?

A

Make proteins needed for many cell functions such as repairing damage or directing chemical processes

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18
Q

Which two organelles help provide energy to the cell

A

Mitochondria and chloroplast

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19
Q

Which organelle releases energy from nutrients taken into the cell

A

Mitochondria

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20
Q

Which organelles are found in plant cells but not animal cells

A

Chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuoles

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21
Q

Describe the basic structure of all viruses

A

RNA or DNA, the protein coat, the capsid

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22
Q

What is the function of a virus’ capsid

A

Encloses the genetic material of the virus

23
Q

What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?

A

Gives a cell it’s shape and offers support

24
Q

What is the main function of the cell wall?

A

Protect and support the cell, “security fence”

25
Q

What types of cells have cell walls?

A

Plant cells

26
Q

What are the functions of cell membranes?

A

Protect the cell with its surroundings, allows for the passage of materials into and out of the cell

27
Q

Describe the structure that makes up a cell membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins

28
Q

Define diffusion

A

The net movement of molecules down a concentration gradient

29
Q

Define osmosis

A

Diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

30
Q

Describe what happens to an animal cell in freshwater (hypotonic solution)

A

Animal cells swell and might even burst, the water flows in, but not out

31
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

An organism that makes its own food. Example: Plants

32
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

An organism that eats other things to gain energy. Example: animals

33
Q

List the parts of an ATP molecule

A

Adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups

34
Q

How is energy released from an ATP molecule?

A

Energy is released by breaking the chemical bond between the second and third phosphate group (ATP becomes ADP)

35
Q

Between which two parts of the ATP molecule is the bond broken to release energy?

A

Between the second and third phosphate group

36
Q

Which gas is given off by plants during photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

37
Q

Explain the photosynthesis reaction in words.

A

Carbon dioxide + water (with light) sugars + oxygen

38
Q

Why do most plants appear green?

A

They contain a pigment (chlorophyll), green light is absorbed but not reflected, making the plant appear green

39
Q

Where is chlorophyll found in the chloroplast?

A

Stroma

40
Q

What is the main product of light dependent reactions?

A

Oxygen gas

41
Q

What is another name for the calvin cycle?

A

Light independent reactions

42
Q

3 factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

Water shortage, light intensity, temperature

43
Q

List the three steps or cellular respiration (aerobic process) in order

A

Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

44
Q

The purpose of cellular respiration is to release what?

A

Energy from sugars

45
Q

Explain cellular respiration in words

A

The process by which living things release energy from sugars

46
Q

Which side of a chemical equation has reactants and which side has products?

A

Reactants on the left, products on the right

47
Q

Where does lactic acid fermentation take place

A

Cytoplasm

48
Q

Aerobic processes require what?

A

Oxygen

49
Q

In what organelle does photosynthesis take place? Cell respiration?

A

Photosynthesis: chloroplast
Respiration: mitochondria

50
Q

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A

Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP

51
Q

What problems does a cell encounter as it grows larger?

A

The cell cannot get enough food and its waste cannot be ejected, so it does off

52
Q

List the phases of the cell cycle and what happens in each

A

Interphase (G1,S,G2) M Phase/Mitosis (prophase, metaphase anaphase, telophase)

53
Q

List the phases of mitosis and briefly describe what happens in each

A

Prophase-

Biology Tests (4 decks)

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