Midterm - Cerebrovascular System Flashcards

0
Q

Where do most strokes occur

A

Arteries, not veins!

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1
Q

When does brain damage become irreversible

A

Vascular interruption for 4-6 minutes

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2
Q

External carotid artery

A

Supplies blood to facial muscles, forehead, orbital, oral and nasal cavities

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3
Q

Internal carotid artery

A

Major source of blood to the brain

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4
Q

Agnosia

A

Unable to identify or describe things

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5
Q

ACA

A

Anterior cerebral artery
Supplies surfaces of prefrontal, frontal, and parietal lobes
Above corpus callosum

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6
Q

Symptoms of ACA interruption

A

Paralysis and sensory loss in legs and feet

Prefrontal lobe symptoms of reduced thinking, reasoning, memory, and impaired planning/executive functioning

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7
Q

MCA

A

Middle cerebral artery

Supplies blood to entire lateral surfaces including speech language and sensorimotor areas

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8
Q

Symptoms of a MCA interruption

A
Contralateral hemiplegia (weakness), impaired sensory functions, aphasia, temporal visual spatial deficits, involuntary movements. 
Hypertension is common cause of bleeding
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9
Q

Cerebrovascular accidents

A

Sudden development of focal neurological deficits

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10
Q

2 types of cerebrovascular accidents

A

1) occlusive vascular pathology : thrombosis and embolism

2) hemorrhagic strokes : bleeding from ruptured vessels

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11
Q

Transient ischemic attack

A

Temporary blood interruptions to brain, resolving in minutes to hour.

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12
Q

Thrombosis

A

Narrowing of an arterial lumen due to gradual accumulation of lipids, platelets, calcium deposits, and fatty particles in the blood

60% of CVAs

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13
Q

Embolism

A

Occlusion of smaller artery
Broken plaque away from a thrombus
Occurring during period of activity and awake hours
30% of CVAs
Symptoms - none/possible headaches/seizures

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14
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Ruptured weak blood vessels
Bleeding under pressure of constant blood flow
Aneurysm or AVM; 10-15% of CVAs
No earning sings, sudden onset of neurological symptoms

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15
Q

Extra/subdural hematoma

A

Develops from trauma or injury

Rupture of blood vessel between dura mater and skull

16
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Bleeding of an AVM or aneurysm

17
Q

Aneurysm

A

Local dilation of artery due to weakness in vessel wall

18
Q

Arterivenous malformation (AVM)

A

Congenital or fetal circulatory vascular malformation involved tangled dialated arteries and veins
With age, may rupture due to think walls

19
Q

Symptoms of AVM

A
Seizures
Recurrent headaches
Language impairments 
Motor speech problems 
Visual disorders
Sensory loss
Hemiplegia
20
Q

Goal of treatment for vascular disease

A

Decreasing morbidity
Restoring normal blood circulation
Reduction in post stroke complications
Treatment dependent on: location of the brain and disease of nature (occlusive or hemorrhagic)

21
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

First line of defense for the brain

Regulates arterial permeability in CNS vessels

22
Q

Abrupt onset vs gradual symptoms

A

Abrupt onset - CVA

Gradual symptoms - mass lesion (tumor)

23
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Produces CSF

CSF circulates in ventricles in subarachnoid space

24
Q

What absorbs CSF

A

Arachnoid granulation

25
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Increased CSF pressure
Enlarged ventricles
Affects cortical functions

26
Q

Surgical treatment for hydrocephalus

A

Tube/shunt creating a valve system to regulate pressure

Prevents the collapsing of the brain