MIDTERM EXAM HIST 102

Question 1

-near Mediterranean modern-day turkey

Answer 1

●Ottomans (Turks)

Question 2

-organizing the government. In ways, we would see today such as land borders

Answer 2

●Nation-state (including the defining characteristics of a nation-state)

Question 3

-becomes istanbull

Answer 3

●Constantinople (also know why the fall of Constantinople was important)

Question 4

reclaim/reconquer or territory

Answer 4

●Reconquista

Question 5

indulgences/corruption calls for

Answer 5

●(Protestant) Reformation

Question 6

has a book - hisname 95 thesis

Answer 6

●Martin Luther

Question 7

reaction to the protestant reformation

Answer 7

●Counter-Reformation

Question 8

modern-day Mexico, slaves, rigid social classes

Answer 8

●Aztec

Question 9

largest empire ever seen in the Americas that wasn’t found in modern day mancu pichu

Answer 9

Inca

Question 10

city of great wealth in mexico

Answer 10

●Tenochtitlan

Question 11

-Rules empire of 5 million people
-Unstable lots of enemies
-I had a jaguar as a pet
-We have his actual headdress and actual throne

Answer 11

Montezuma

Question 12

initiated the swift, far-ranging expansion of the Inca state

Answer 12

Pachacuti earthshaker

Question 13

known for conquering the Aztecs and claiming Mexico on behalf of Spain

Answer 13

●Hernando Cortes

Question 14

hernando cortes wife

Answer 14

●La Malinche

Question 15

conquering the Incas and executing their leader, Atahuapla

Answer 15

●Francisco Pizarro

Question 16

-New crops
-Population growth
-Horses, diseases, tobacco, livestock, and sugar cane to the Americas
Tomatoes to Eurasia “Italy”

Answer 16

●Columbian Exchange

Question 17

agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus

Answer 17

●Treaty of Tordesillas

Question 18

●“3 Gs”

Answer 18

gold, god, glory

Question 19

when enslaved Africans were transported to the Americas

Answer 19

●Middle Passage

Question 20

shipping goods from Britain to West Africa to be exchanged for slaves,

Answer 20

●Triangle Trade Route

Question 21

“I am the state”
Sold titles; destabilized nobility
Sun king

the political doctrine and practice of unlimited centralized authority and absolute sovereignty, as vested especially in a monarch or dictato

Answer 21

●Absolutism

Question 22

rule by god and not by the people

Answer 22

●Divine right

Question 23

a battle where Parliamentarians and Royalists fought due to the manner of England’s governance and religious freedom

Answer 23

●English Civil War (know who fought and why)

Question 24

him and mary had the power as they were members of parlemet

Answer 24

●James II

Question 25

rev that -Give power to parliament and take from the king J-ames II to William and marry (have power)

Answer 25

●Glorious Revolution

Question 26

piece of literature that caused -Taxation -Royal succession -Appointments -War

Answer 26

●English Bill of Rights

Question 27

PERSON Bourbon dynasty in France Fear of the civil war Divine right/absolutism “I am the state” Sold titles; destabilized nobility Sun king

Answer 27

●Louis XIV

Question 28

is how Louis xiv controls his nobility

Answer 28

●Versailles

Question 29

the dominant religion of India that emphasizes dharma

Answer 29

Hinduism

Question 30

Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras. T were part of a

Answer 30

●Caste system

Question 31

(syncretic faith) = Hindu + Muslim

Answer 31

●Sikhism (Sikhs)

Question 32

this group Turkish Mongol descendants Persian culture Islam More freedoms for women

Answer 32

●Mughals

Question 33

burning a woman alive with her husband's dead body

Answer 33

sati

Question 34

The law based on the holy book of Islam the Karan - you marry your religion and state together

Answer 34

Sharia

Question 35

Pay to pray tax

Answer 35

Jizya

Question 36

Restored trade that his father destructed (Yongle) Navy (Yongle) Treasure fleet

Answer 36

Zheng He

Question 37

The last dynasty was ruled by BLANK Chinese

Answer 37

●Han (ethnic group)

Question 38

Post Mongol rule Last han-ruled dynasty

Answer 38

●Ming

Question 39

Confucianism+ Daoism + Buddhism (Syncretic religion)

Answer 39

●Neo-Confucianism

Question 40

these people had a Banner system

Answer 40

●Manchu

Question 41

this group Taiping rebellion -Natuonanalists vs manchus -Civil war

Answer 41

●Qing

Question 42

this was a common practice where men had to shave the front half of their head, leaving a bare forehead

Answer 42

●Queue edict

Question 43

System created to control all foreign trade at a single port and make China rich as there was no competition at other cities.

Answer 43

●Canton System

Question 44

a hereditary commander-in-chief in feudal Japan

Answer 44

●Shogun

Question 45

one of the great lords who were vassals of the shogun

Answer 45

●Daimyo

Question 46

the military government that ruled over Japan

Answer 46

●Tokugawa Shogunate

Question 47

old: wind, water, muscle turned into New: fossil fuel (coal, oil, natural gas)

Answer 47

Scientific Revolution

Question 48

Best society/gov Piolitical representation Natural rights of men Limits on rulers Limits on religion

Answer 48

●Enlightenment

Question 49

a gathering of people held by an inspiring host. During the gathering they amuse one another and increase their knowledge through conversation

Answer 49

●Salons

Question 50

The book was written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau “Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains” No divine right of kings The people of sovereign Inspires reforms/revolts in France

Answer 50

●Social Contract

Question 51

an economic philosophy of free-market capitalism that opposes government intervention

Answer 51

●Laissez-faire

Question 52

an idea Philosopher kings/rulers Top-down elitist Religious toleration Reform; concern for subjects Patronage of philosophes

Answer 52

Enlightened absolutism

Question 53

this ruler caused- Rise of Prussia (modern Germany-ish) Fersa early years Philosophes in potsam

Answer 53

●Frederick the Great

Question 54

ersian minor princess; marries Peter III

Answer 54

●Catherine the Great

Question 55

Thomas Jefferson All men are created equal Natural rights; life liberty and the pursuit of happiness Social contract broken *The capstone of the enlightenment*

Answer 55

●Declaration of Independence

Question 56

married to - Marie antoinette

Answer 56

●Louis XVI

Question 57

Radical phase Maximilian Rosepeire (leader of the phase) Committee of public safety New calendar, new days Suppression of Christianity

Answer 57

●Reign of Terror

Question 58

this person was the cause of the public executions and mass killings of thousands of counter-revolutionary 'suspects

Answer 58

●Maximilien Robespierre

Question 59

1799 coup d’etat Civil code RC church restores Emperor 1804 Victories & then failure

Answer 59

Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 60

this person had cause -Slave revolts Napolean

Answer 60

●Toussaint L’Ouverture

Question 61

Venezuelan “George Washington of South America” Independence of Spain Dictator of Peru & gran Columbia

Answer 61

●Simon Bolivar

Question 62

Private ownership Wage labor Owners get profit

Answer 62

●capital/capitalism

Question 63

this person had ideas of Economic inequality Class conflict/struggle Bourgeoisie (Capitalists) The proletariat (workers)

Answer 63

●Karl Marx

Question 64

Utopian society: equality No private property A heavy progressive tax on wealthy No inheritance Everything communally owned Total freedom (democracy)

Answer 64

●Communist Manifesto

Question 65

Utopian society: equality No private property

Answer 65

●Communism

Question 66

transitional state between the end of capitalism & communism

Answer 66

●Socialism

Question 67

the Bourgeoisie were the

Answer 67

capitalists

Question 68

Proletariat were the

Answer 68

workers

Question 69

a conflict between different social classes,

Answer 69

●Class struggle

Question 70

single party rule Corruption and special privilege

Answer 70

●Collectivization

Question 71

means empire building

Answer 71

Imperialism

Question 72

comparing current tools and technology against the desired state

Answer 72

●Technology gap

Question 73

the task that white colonizers believed they had to impose their civilization on the inhabitants of their colonies.

Answer 73

●“White man’s burden”

Question 74

Monopolies & forts; private army Pepper, cotton, tea, coffee, silk, porcelain.

Answer 74

●British East India Company

Question 75

Sepoys in the army were unhappy with the pay inequality compared to British soldiers

Answer 75

●Sepoy Rebellion

Question 76

(crown rule) (queen ruling over India)

Answer 76

●British Raj

Question 77

Tech gap; Britain wins British forces fought a war in China that benefitted drug smugglers

Answer 77

●Opium War

Question 78

an uprising against foreigners that occurred in China about 1900, begun by peasants but eventually supported by the government

Answer 78

●Boxer Rebellion

Question 79

last emperor of China as the eleventh and final Qing dynasty monarch

Answer 79

●Emperor Puyi

Question 80

Scramble for Africa Belgium Britain France, Germany, and Italy

Answer 80

●Conference of Berlin

Question 81

Personal colony: congo free state Rubber plantations Mercenaries 10 million dead Belgian control

Answer 81

●King Leopold II

Question 82

African American historian Met with king leopard II Highlighted abuses in an open letter Letter to Leopold: “all the crimes perpetrated in the congo have been done in your name”

Answer 82

●George Washington Williams

Question 83

Spain, cuba, purter rico, philippines Cuba Libre Philiemene american war Panama canal zone

Answer 83

●Spanish-American War

Question 84

End of Tokugawa rune and shogunate Emperor restored power Samurai class dismantled

Answer 84

●Meiji Restoration