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Anatomy 141 > Midterm: from epithelial tissue up to upper extremities > Flashcards

Midterm: from epithelial tissue up to upper extremities Flashcards

1
Q

4 functions of epithelial tissues

A

1) protection from dehydration
2) control permeability
3) sensory
4) secretion

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2
Q

Lining various organs

A

endothelia

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3
Q

lining ventral body cavities

A

mesothelia

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4
Q

Where can you find keratinized epithelial tissue?

A

hair shaft and palmar skin

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5
Q

Simple squamous Location

A

kidney, inner lining of cornea, heart, blood vessel, alveoli, lungs,
- mesothelia

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6
Q

Simple squamous function

A

absorb+secretion
reduce friction
permeability

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7
Q

simple columnar location

A

stomach, intestine, gal bladder, collecting ducts of kidney

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8
Q

simple cuboidal location

A

thyroid glands, glands, ducts,

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9
Q

stratified squamous location

A

beginning and end of digestive tract, rectum, vagina, surface of skin

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10
Q

transitional epithelium location

A

urinary bladder, renal pelvis, ureters

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11
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium location

A

nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, parts of male reproductory tract

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12
Q

There are 2 types of unicellular exocrine glands. what are they?

A

1) mucous cells

2) goblet cells

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13
Q

3 accessory structures

A

1) hair follicles
2) exocrine glands
3) nails

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14
Q

2 layers of dermis

A

1) papillary layer

2) reticular layer

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15
Q

what makes up the extracellular matrix?

A

1) specialized cells
2) extracellular protein fibres
3) ground substance

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16
Q

Location of Areolar Tissue

Loose CT

A

between muscles, around blood vessels, nerves, and around joints

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17
Q

Function of Areolar Tissue (Loose CT)

A

provide defense against pathogens

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18
Q

Function of Adipose Tissue (Loose CT)

A

padding and cushions shock; insulating; stores energy

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19
Q

Function of Reticular Tissue (Loose CT)

A

Provides framework

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20
Q

Location of Dense CT Regular

A

between bones for stabilizing

covering skeletal muscles

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21
Q

Location of Dense Irregular CT

A

around bones and cartilage

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22
Q

Difference between Hyaline Cartilage and Fibrous Cartilage

A

Lacunae in fibrous cartilage are widely spread

perichondrium in hyaline cartilage

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23
Q

location of fibrous cartilage

A

pads between knee joints
between intervertebral discs
between pubic bones

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24
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells

maintain and monitor protein and minteral content of bone matrix

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25
Q

osteoblast

A

immature bone cell

secrete organic compounds to produce new bone (osteogenesis)

26
Q

osteoprogenitor cells

A

stem cells that produce osteoblasts

27
Q

osteoclast

A

multinucleated
secrete acid and enzyme to dissolve mone matrix
release calcium and phosphate

28
Q

What is in the lacuna

A

lamella

29
Q

True or false?

Heads on Myosin have binding site for actin and binding site for ATP

A

True. One connected to actin, myosin head swivels and pulls actin towards centre of sarcomere

30
Q

Sarcomere goes from what line to what line?

A

Z line to Z line

31
Q

What are the non contractile proteins?

A

tropomyosin
troponin
nebulin

32
Q

Which non contractile protein does calcium bind to?

A

troponin

33
Q

What happens to sarcomeres during a muscle contraction? Eg. during flexion

A

sarcomeres get shorter

34
Q

During a contraction, which zone gets shorter?

A

H zone

35
Q

What must happen for a skeletal muscle to contract?

A

cross bridges must form

36
Q

Fixed macrophage

A

phagocytize pathogens and damaged cells

37
Q

mesenchymal cells

A

CT stem cells

38
Q

What forms the extracellular matrix?

A

ground substance

connective tissue fibres

39
Q

Loose or Dense CT? Which would be found in tendons and ligaments?

A

Dense CT

40
Q

Which type of dense CT would be found in ligaments and tendons?

A

regular dense ct

41
Q

ligament

A

bone to bone

42
Q

tendon

A

bone to muscle

43
Q

lacuna

A

chamber for chondrocyte

44
Q

is cartilage avascular?

A

yes

45
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

46
Q

Can osteoblasts be found in cartilage?

A

No. Osteo means bone. They can be found in bones. Chondro will refer to cartilage

47
Q

Better healer: carilage or ligaments?

A

ligaments

48
Q

Better healer: bones or muscles?

A

bones

49
Q

2 types of bones

A

trabecular

compact

50
Q

Function of endosteum

A

active in repair and growth

51
Q

Epiphyseal growth plates are composed of

A

hyaline cartilage

52
Q

what happens in concentric contraction?

A

muscle shortens

53
Q

what happens in isometric contraction?

A

muscle length stays the same

54
Q

what happens in eccentric contraction?

A

muscle lengthens

55
Q

contralateral

A

opposite side

56
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side

57
Q

what articulation is responsible for connecting the axial skeleton to the appendicular skeleton?

A

sternoclavicular joint

58
Q

the scapula and clavicle make up the ____

A

pectoral girdle

59
Q

what muscles insert at the intertubecular groove?

A

pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
teres major

60
Q

muscles that move the forearm

A

brachialis
brachioradialis
biceps brachii m

61
Q

what 2 muscles pronate the arm?

A

Pronator teres m.

pronator quadratus m

62
Q

what assists for the flexion of forearm?

A

pronator teres

Anatomy 141 (6 decks)

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